بررسي تطبيقي ويژگي‌هاي زبان عرفاني ابن‌ عربي و مولوي

A comparative study about the features of IbnArabi and Rumi mystical language

ﻋﺮﻓﺎ و ﻣﺘﺼﻮﻓﻪ در ﺑﻴﺎن ﻋﻘﺎﻳﺪ و دﻳﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد ﻣﺘﻮﻧﻲ را ﺑﻪ ﻧﺜﺮ و ﻧﻈﻢ در ﺣﻮزه ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ، ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻜﺎﺷﻔﺎت و اﺣﻮال، ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ و ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ و ﺗﺬﻛﺮه ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻮن ارزﺷﻲ ادﺑﻲ و ﺑﻼﻏﻲ دارﻧﺪ و وﺳﻌﺖ و وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص زﺑﺎﻧﻲ آنﻫﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان زﺑﺎن ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ آﺛﺎر ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ. ﭘﺮ واﺿﺢ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﺑﻦﻋﺮﺑﻲ و ﻣﻮﻟﻮي، از ﺑﺰرگﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺮﻓﺎ در ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﺼﻮف ﺑﻪﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻲروﻧﺪ. ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ و وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ در ﻣﺘﻮن اﻳﻦ دو ﻋﺎرف ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪي ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان آﺛﺎر ﻋﺮﻓﺎي ﻗﺮون ﺑﻌﺪ را ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ دو داﻧﺴﺖ. ﻫﺮ دو ﻋﺎرف ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﺷﻬﻮدات آﻧﺎن ﺑﻴﺎن ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﻮده و زﺑﺎن از ﺑﻴﺎن اﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﻮدات ﻧﺎﺗﻮان و ﻗﺎﺻﺮ اﺳﺖ؛ از اﻳﻦ رو ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻬﻢ ﻛﻼﻣﺸﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺎﻳﻪ، اﻳﻬﺎم، ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ، ﺗﻨﺎﻗﺾﮔﻮﻳﻲ، ﺗﻜﺮار و اﺻﻄﻼح ﺳﺎزي روي آورده اﻧﺪ. از ﺳﻮي دﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﺮ دو، ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﻲ ﺑﺮاي آﺛﺎر ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮﮔﺰﻳﺪه اﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎﻳﻲ در ﺳﺨﻨﺎن اﻳﺸﺎن اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﻮد. اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻛﻮﺷﺸﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻬﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ و ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪاي زﺑﺎن ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﻦ دو ﻋﺎرف ﻧﺎﻣﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ آن ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎي زﺑﺎن ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﻲ آﻧﺎن ﻧﻴﺰ دﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ.

Sufi mystics, in expressing opinions and views, in the field of interpretation and the expression revelations of affairs, education and identity cards have written texts in prose and verse. The texts have their own literal and rhetorical value; the extent of the works and special linguistic features has been caused them to be considered as the mystical language by researchers. It is obvious that Ibn-Arabi and Rumi are the greatest Sufi mystics in the world. Both of them believe that visions were ineffable and language fails and falls short in expression of these witnesses. Therefore, to understand their words they used irony, ambiguity, contradiction, repetition and expression to clarify their thoughts. On the other hand, different audiences for their works were chosen and due tothe audiences, differences in their words were caused. This research efforts to understand comparative mystical language of these famous mystics, and while it does, the characteristics of their mystical language are achieved.