بررسي زيبايي شناسي عناصر ادبي خطبه 224 نهج البلاغه

Study on the aesthetics of Nahjolbalaghe 224 sermon

ﺑﺮرسي ﻫﺎي زﻳﺒﺎييﺷﻨﺎسي ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺘﻮن ادﺑﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺻﻮل ﻓﻨﻲ و ﻫﻨﺮي ﻣﻲﭘﺮدازد و در ﻛﻨﺎر ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر، ﻣﺘﻦ ادﺑﻲ را ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭼﻬﺎر اﺻﻞ اﺣﺴﺎس، ﺻﻮر ﺧﻴﺎل، اﺳﻠﻮب و ﻣﻌﻨﻮي، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﻲ ﺑﻮدن آن ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﻲﻫﺎي زﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ، ﻗﺮاﺑﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺎ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ادﺑﻴﺎت و ﻓﻬﻢ اﺳﺮار آن دارﻧﺪ؛ زﻳﺮا از دل ادﺑﻴﺎت ﺑﺮﻣﻲآﻳﻨﺪ و ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ و اﺻﻮل ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آن ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﻛﻪ ﺳﻌﻲ در ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ادﺑﻲ ﺧﻄﺒﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر دارد، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاردي ﻫﻤﭽﻮن اﻧﺪﻳﺸﻪ اﻣﺎم ﻋﻠﻲ (ع)، ﺷﻴﻮه ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻀﺎﻣﻴﻦ، ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻪ اﻣﻴﺮاﻟﻤﺆﻣﻨﻴﻦ و ﺗﻨﻮع آن، ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﭘﺮدازي و ﻣﻮاردي از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﺎظ، ﻋﺒﺎرات و ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﻲﭘﺮدازﻳﻢ. وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎي ﺑﺎرز ﺧﻄﺒﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر داﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﻴﺎن روان، ﻗﺪرت و ﭘﻮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ آن ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداري از ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﺻﺪق ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻪ و ﻋﻤﻖ در ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺻﻮر ﺧﻴﺎل، اﺳﻠﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢ، ﻫﻤﮕﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﻴﻘﻲ و رﻳﺘﻢ ﻛﻼم ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ و ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻪ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺶ واژﮔﺎن ﺑﺎ آوا و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺟﻤﻼت، ﻓﺼﺎﺣﺖ واژﮔﺎن، ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻟﻔﺎظ ﺑﺎﻣﻌﻨﺎ و ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ و ﺳﻨﺨﻴﺖ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻬﺎر ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ادﺑﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ.

Aesthetic reviews examine the analysis of literary texts on the basis of their artistic and technical principles. In addition to music and structure, following method evaluates literary texts based on the four principles of sense, imagery, style and being spiritual or abstract. Aesthetic reviews of literary works have closer relation to the nature of literature and understanding its secrets, because they derive from the origin of literature and regulate their principles and rules in accordance with it. Common features of the studied sermons are as follows: deep concepts and semantic coherence, emotional power and dynamism due to the components of true affection, fluent expressing without complicacy due to using imagination with aim of deepening the meaning and aesthetic, coherent style, harmonization of music and rhythm of the words with meaning and emotion that prevents the artificial array in these sermons, coordination of the word choice with voice and sentence structure, Eloquence of words, harmonization and coordination of words with meaning and compatibility of the four literary elements.