سحر و شعبده در فقه با تأكيد بر مصاديق نوظهور

A Study on the Magic and Witchcraft in Jurisprudence with Emphasis on Emerging Issues

تاريخ شروع سحر و شعبده در زندگي بشر مشخص نيست؛ زيرا امور خارق‌العاده ­اي هستند كه با تحقّق امور عادى فرق دارند و با پيش­ فرض‌هاى عرفى و عادى قابل تصور و تحقق نيستند و از آنجا كه ديگران از آوردن مثل آن ناتوانند، همين انگيزه انديشمندان اسلامى و غيراسلامى را در كنكاش، تحقيق و تفحص در كيفيت و نحوه تحقق اين امور برانگيخته است .زيرا خوارق عادت مشتمل بر غايتى هستند، ولى از آن روى كه در نوع غايت و مشروعيت (به معناى الهي ­بودن) و عدم مشروعيت با هم مختلفند، شناخت اين امور امرى لازم و ضرورى به نظر مى‌رسد، چون مسأله سحر و شعبده خصوصاً در حال حاضر بسيار بزرگ و پيچيده شده و جنبه‌هاي مختلف قرآني، فرهنگي، اجتماعي، روحي و رواني و حتي سياسي را در بر مي‌گيرد. تحقيق حاضر قصد ورود به اين مقوله پيچيده را به طور خاص دارد، ضمن اينكه تلاش دارد خواننده را با دورنمايي از فرهنگ سحر و شعبده و حكم فقهي آن، در تمدن امروز آشنا سازد.

It is not clear when magic and witchcraft start in history, but undoubtedly they have a long history among the nations and especially religions. It is because these are extraordinary things that differ in the realization of ordinary affairs, and are not conceived and realized by conventional and ordinary traditions. This fact that ordinary people are unable to do likewise has Islamic and non-Islamic scholars to spur on researching and analyzing the quality and manner of realization of these matters. Whereas, such unusual affairs have their own limitation, and on the other hand they are different in terms of the purpose and the legitimacy (in the sense of divinity) and the lack of legitimacy. So it is necessary to recognize such issues. The witchcraft issue is great and abstruse especially at the present time and includes various aspects of the Quranic, cultural, social, mental, and even political. This paper aims to study this issue in particular, while attempting to familiarize the reader with history and culture of magic in today's civilization. Sometimes, witchcraft is considered as jugglery, and it’s sometimes just imagination and indoctrination. Even it can be done by using unknown physical and chemical properties in some of the objects and elements, or through the help of demons, or sometimes using of spices and medicines. Regarding the hadiths from the great leaders of Islam, we are strongly forbidden from magic and witchcraft. This paper attempts to highlight the emerging phenomena of magic, including internet, realistic stories, the music album called Magic by Walter, movies and clips on the Internet, hypnosis, and telepathy. However, there is a need of Ijtihad for its jurisprudential ruling.Thus, in the present study, the modern and traditional magic and magical examples of contemporary society have been addressed through a library method.