عملكرد بلدرچين‌هاي در حال رشد تغذيه شده با دانه سويا يا كلزاي عمل‌آوري شده با پرتو الكترون

Performance of growing quails fed electron beam irradiated soybean or canola seeds

زمينه مطالعاتي: مصرف دانه هاي روغني عمل آوري شده در جيره طيور سبب بهبود عملكرد آنها ميشود. هدف: مطالعه ي حاضر جهت بررسي اثر مصرف دانه سويا يا كلزاي عمل آوري شده با پرتو الكترون بر عملكرد جوجه هاي بلدرچين در دوره رشد در دو آزمايش جداگانه انجام گرفت. روش كار: بدين منظور دانه هاي سويا و كلزا با پرتوتابي الكترون با دزهاي 5 ، 10 و 15 كيلوگري عمل آوري شدند. بلدرچين ها به مدت 36 روز با جيره هاي آزمايشي حاوي دانه سويا يا كلزاي عمل آوري شده در قالب طرح كاملاً تصادفي با 4 تيمار و 4 تكرار و 14 جوجه در هر واحد آزمايشي در دو آزمايش جداگانه با جيره بر پايه ذرت-كنجاله سويا تغذيه شدند. در آزمايش اول از 12 درصد دانه سوياي عمل آوري نشده يا عمل آوري شده در جيره استفاده شد و در آزمايش دوم از 8 درصد دانه كلزاي عمل آوري نشده يا عمل آوري شده در جيره استفاده شد. در پايان دوره آزمايشي مقدار خوراك مصرفي، ضريب تبديل خوراك، افزايش وزن روزانه، نسبت بازده پروتئين و شاخص توليد اروپايي محاسبه شد. در انتهاي هر آزمايش، بلدرچين ها كشتار و درصد بازده لاشه، درصد قطعات لاشه و وزن كبد اندازه گيري شد. نتايج: مصرف دانه سوياي عمل آوري با پرتو الكترون به طور معني داري سبب بهبود افزايش وزن زنده، ضريب تبديل خوراك، نسبت بازده پروتئين و شاخص توليد اروپايي در جوجه هاي بلدرچين شد ( 0/05 < P) مصرف دانه كلزاي عمل آوري با پرتو الكترون اثر معني داري بر افزايش وزن روزانه، ضريب تبديل خوراك، نسبت بازده پروتئين و ويژگيهاي لاشه جوجه هاي بلدرچين نداشت؛ ولي مصرف دانه كلزاي عمل آوري شده با دز 15 كيلوگري سبب كاهش مصرف خوراك شد ( 0/05 < P). نتيجه گيري كلي: نتايج آزمايش حاضر نشان داد كه مصرف دانه سويا عمل آوري شده با پرتو الكترون سبب بهبود عملكرد جوجه هاي بلدرچين شد؛ اما مصرف دانه كلزاي عمل آوري با پرتو الكترون تاثيري بر صفات عملكردي جوجه هاي بلدرچين نداشت.

ntroduction : Among oilseeds, soybean and canola seeds are widespread used in poultry diets (Baker and Chang 1992), however their use in poultry diet is limited because of anti - nutritional factors (Zeb 1998, Syddhuraju et al. 2002). Different methods have been used fo r improwing nutritional value of oilseeds. On e of these methods is irradiation (Taghinejad - Rudboneh et al 2010, Ebrahimi - Mahm oudabad and Taghinejad - R oudba neh 2011). Electron beam irradiation (EB) is a physical method that can improve the nutritional value of feedstuff and has been considered recently. A dvantages of processing with EB - irradiation is no damage to feeds, lack of product ion of non - digestible products, incr ease digestibility of crude protein without side effects on f eeds (Majd and A rdekani 2003 , Anwar et al. 2015). Therefore, p resent study was carried out in two separate experiments in order to investigate the effect of feeding EB - irradiated soybean and canola seeds on growing performance of Japanese quail chicks Materials and method s : Soybean and canola seeds were irradiated with EB at doses of 5, 10 and 15 kGy. Japanese quail s were purchased and transferred to the farm . All chickens were w eighed and wer e a ssigned randomly to experimental units . In each experiment al unit, 14 birds of different sexes (male and female) were placed so that the average body weight was the same in each experimental unit. Diets formulated on corn and soybean meal based diets ac cording to NRC (1994) . Ingredients and chemical composition of diet of quail chicks containing soybean seed or canola seed is shown in Table 1. Quails were fed with experimental diets for 36 days in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 re plications and 14 chicks per each replicate in two separate experiments. Quails were fed on corn - soybean meal diet. In first experiment, 12% untreated or irradiated soybean was used in diet and in second experiment, 8% untreated and irradiated canola seed was used in diet. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), average daily gain (ADG), protein efficiency ratio and European production efficiency factor were calculated at the end of the experiments. All birds were slaughtered at the end of the growing per iod. Then, weights of edible carcass , breast t, thigh t, bursa of f abricius and gastrointestinal tract were measured . R esults and discussion : Feeding irradiated soybean seed significantly improved (P <0.05) FCR, body weight, protein efficiency ratio and European production efficiency factor of quails (Table 2). C onsumption of irradiated soybean at doses of 5, 10 and 15 kGy increased body weight gain of quails in the breeding period. These results are agreed with the results of other studies (Shah - H osseini et al. 2008, Hassanpour - cheshmah et al. 2013 ). Improwing of weight gain of quail is related to reducing anti - nutritional factors and increasing the digestibility of feed (Rahimi et al. 2012 ). Feeding irradiated soybean seed improved (P <0.05) feed conversi on ratio of quail chicks, but feed conversion ratio of quail chicks fed with irradiated canola seed s was not affected by treatments . T he best feed conversion ratio was observed by feeding treatment containing irradiated soybeans at doses of 10 and 15 k Gy. In another experiment, feeding soybean meal treated with gamma irradiation at a dose of 27 kGy improwed feed conversion ratio of quail chicks (Hassanpour - Cheshmah et al. 2013 ). Also, it was reported that EB - irradiation of diet at doses of 5 and 7 kGy impro ved feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens ( Yakhkashi et al. 2013). I rradiation of canola seed at dose of 15 kGy reduced feed intake and improved European production efficiency factor of quails (P<0.05). Moreover, in other study feeding of r ice bran tre ated with gamma irradiation at doses of 10 and 50 kGy (Wang et al. 1997) and ir radiation of total diet up to 7 kGy ( Yakhkeshi et al. 2013) had no significant effect on feed intake of broiler chickens . Feeding irradiated canola seed did not significantly af fect on carcass cha racteristics of quails (P>0.05). Gharghani et al (2008 ) reported that feeding canola meal treated with gamma irradiation had no significant effect on dressing percentage of broiler chickens. Given that feeding of diets containing irradiated soybean or canola seeds had no effect on live wieght , so no ir radiation impact on carcass characteristics with the use of irradiated soybean or canola seeds treated is reasonable . C onclusion : Results of the present study demonstrated that feedin g EB - irradiated soybean improved performance of quails. However, feeding EB - irradiated canola seed had not significant effect on performance of quails.