تأثير جنگ تحميلي بر روند رشد و توسعه اقتصادي سكونتگاه‌هاي روستايي (مطالعه موردي: شهرستان‌ قصر شيرين)

The Effect of the War on the Growth and Economic Development of Rural Settlement of Qasreshirin County (Iran)

جنگ علاوه بر آثاري كه در زمان وقوع بر جاي مي‌گذارد مي‌تواند آثار درازمدتي بر روند رشد و توسعهء اقتصادي سكونتگاه‌ها برجا گذارد. كه بعضاً اثر درازمدت آن بيش از آثاري است كه به صورت مستقيم و غيرمستقيم در زمان وقوع بر جاي گذاشته است. در تحقيق حاضر سعي شده است كه تأثير بروز جنگ تحميلي بر روند توسعهء اقتصادي روستاهاي منتخب شهرستان مرزي قصرشيرين بررسي شود. اين پژوهش كه مبتني بر روش تحقيق توصيفي و تحليلي و با تكميل 214 پرسشنامه خانوار و افراد خبره محلي و شوراي اسلامي در روستاهاي جنگ‌زده مورد مطالعه انجام پذيرفته است، مشخص مي‌سازد كه جنگ تحميلي عراق عليه ايران سبب بروز تغييرات شديدي در ابعاد اقتصادي بويژه اشتغال، ركود فعاليت‌هاي اقتصادي، تخريب زيرساخت‌ها و همچنين عدم امكان استفاده از اراضي كشاورزي و كاهش جمعيت داشته و در مقابل روند توسعه كالبدي روستاها در نتيجه اجراي برنامهء بازسازي در روستاهايي كه بازسازي شده تسريع شده است. اما در مجموع مي‌توان اذعان داشت كه بروز جنگ تحميلي سبب كندي روند رشد و توسعهء شهرستان قصرشيرين شده است.

Introduction In addition to the effects that war leaves at the time of occurrence, it leaves long-term effects on the process of economic growth and development of rural settlements behind in which, its long-term effects are sometimes more than effects that have been left directly and indirectly at the time of occurrence. In this study, it was tried to analyze the effects of the imposed war occurrence on the process of economic growth and development of elected villages in the border county of Qasr-e Shirin. The main question is: what are the effects of Iraq imposed war against Iran on economic growth and development of rural settlements in Qasr-e Shirin county? Methodology This is a descriptive-analytical research for comparing the situation of elected villages, which explains the consequences of Iraq's eight-year imposed war against Iran. The data used is collected using documentary and field study. 199 questionnaires and also, 15 questionnaires have been distributed among households and rural experts living in rural areas in the field study, respectively. The population in study are 1085 households in 33 war-torn villages of this county. Among these villages, 15 villages and 214 households were selected as sample. For testing hypothesis and measuring the impact of the war on rural settlements, responses were combined using “Compute Variable” and eventually they were tested using one sample T-test. Results and discussion This study shows that war has affected the economic growth and development of Qasr-e Shirin County. Some of these losses can be mentioned the following: loss of rural construction, employment in informal jobs in cities, permanent migration to cities, and particularly, the resources that could be spent on other affairs such as youth employment and addressing shortcomings of villages, they cost to rebuild the villages. It also noted the loss of opportunities, especially the findings show that investment of public and private sectors has been greatly reduced. Conclusion The results show that war has affected the region's economic indicators and caused dullness of growth and development of Qasr-e Shirin county. In addition to direct damages of war at the time of occurrence, other numerous damages have been left. According to the results, it can be concluded that in addition some effects of war has been left on several generations, some of the economic effects of war are still visible in the villages and after these years, these effects have not been compensated. Hence, it needs providing necessary conditions for the development of the village with special attention.