كليدواژه :
افراط و تفريط عملي , تفرقه , سرمايه اجتماعي , عنايت الهي , وحدت
چكيده فارسي :
انسان در دوره معاصر اهميت مفاهيم اجتماع و جماعت را هم به لحاظ نظري و هم به لحاظ عملي درك كرده است. اجتماع انساني نه‌تنها سرمايه‌اي براي رفع نيازها بوده، بلكه محور عنايت الهي است. اين مسئله به‌طور مكرر در روايات بيان شده است. چه رازي در جماعت است كه منشأ عنايت الهي است؟ نخست، مفهوم جامعه با مفهوم اجتماع متفاوت است؛ دوم، اجتماع انساني دست‌كم بر پايه دو امر بسيار مهم مورد توجه خداوند است: الف) اجتماع نقطه اعتدال براي دوري انسان از افراط و تفريط در عمل و نظر است؛ ب) اجتماع جلوه وحدت است. وحدت سرمايه مهمي براي غلبه بر دشواري‌ها است. اين سخن به اين معنا نيست كه جماعت و اجتماع هرگز خطا نمي‌كند و همراهي جماعت به هر نحوي انسان را به سعادت مي‌رساند. جامعه‌اي به خطا نمي‌رود كه مشمول عنايت الهي باشد و عنايت الهي مشروط است، نه مطلق. اجتماع فقط در صورتي كه بر پايه تعاليم الهي شكل گيرد مي‌تواند كاربردهاي بسيار مهم خود را داشته باشد. مفهوم سرمايه اجتماعي ناظر به مرحله تعالي‌يافته اجتماع است؛ يعني مرحله‌اي كه انسان‌ها اجتماع را انتخاب كرده‌اند و آن را وطن اصلي خود تلقي مي‌كنند، به همين دليل هم جلوه‌هاي برادري، محبت و همزيستي در اجتماع جلوه مي‌كند و منشأ عادت و خوشبختي انسان مي‌شود.
چكيده لاتين :
In the contemporary era, human has theoretically and practically apprehended the
importance of the concepts such as society and community. Human community is not only an asset for
the human to satisfy his needs, but from the viewpoint of the Islamic teachings, it is also the
basis of the Divine Grace and Providence. In fact, God's hand of providence is with the community.
This theme has been frequently repeated in the Islamic traditions. Now, the question is that what
is there in the community that attracts God's grace and providence? In this article, the difference
between the concepts of society and community is
delineated. Besides, the article asserts that human community is given God's grace and
attention due to at least two very important issues. First, community is the moderation point that
helps the human to avoid positive and negative extremes in his viewpoints and actions, be these
extremisms collective or individual. Second, community can be the manifestation of unity, and unity
is a crucial asset for the human in overcoming the collective and individual difficulties.
Nonetheless, this assertion does not imply that the society and community never go awry and
that accompanying a community in every manner will unquestionably guide human to bliss. A society
does not go awry if it is under God's providence, and according to the religious teachings, God's
providence is not absolute but is conditioned. A community can perform its important functions and
receive God's providence only if it is established based on religion and the divine teachings. The
concept of social capital here regards the transcendental stage of the community, i.e. a stage in
which humans have come together and have chosen the community, and each and every of them consider
the community as their real homeland. If this condition is met, the manifestations of
brotherhood, grace, love, and coexistence can be observed in the
community. These then become habitual and finally lead to human bliss.
