تاريخ ‏گذاري روايت «إذا كانت...اموركم الي نساءكم فبطن الارض خير من ظهرها» بر مبناي تحليل اسناد و متن

Dating the tradition "idha kanat ... umiirukum ita nisa'ikum fa-batn at-arc;! khayrun min ~zahriha" based on analysis of isnad and text

طرفداران عدم حضور اجتماعي زنان به حديث «اذا كانت ... اموركم الي نساءكم فبطن الارض خيرٌ من ظهرها» - كه فقط در دو منبع سنن الترمذ‏ي و تاريخ بغداد آمده و در ديگر كتب روايي رواج يافته است - استناد كرده اند. اين روايت از طريق صالح مُري بصري - كه علماي رجال او را تضعيف نموده‏ اند - نقل گرديده است و برگرداني از كلام يك شاعر است كه در ضرب المثل هاي عربي قرن دوم وجود داشته و صالح مري از آن استفاده كرده است. بصره بستر ظهور چنين رواياتي بوده است و تاريخ پيدايش اين روايت نيمه مياني قرن دوم هجري است و بسيار متاخر از صدر اسلام است، ولي با وجودضعف سندي و متني آن، در برخي متون فقهي معاصر شيعه و سني بدان استناد گرديده و دليلي بر ممنوعيت شرعي و عدم توانايي زنان در اداره جامعه تلقي شده است.

The tradition "idhii kiinat ... umiirukum ilii nisii'ikum fa-hatn a/-anj khayrun min ?ahrihii" (in case it is this way that . . . your affairs are designated to your women then the depth - or inner portion - of the earth is better than its back) that have occurred in the two sources of Sunnan alTirmidhl and Tiirlkh Baghdad and was promulgated in other hadith books, has been cited and referred to deny the (allowance of) social presence of the women. This tradition was narrated on the authority of $alii). Murrl who has been criticized and deemed weak by the Rijal experts. As a matter of fact it is a paraphrasing of a pre-Islamic poem prevailing in the Arabic proverbs in the second/eighth century and thus was used by $alii) MurrT. Basra was the origin of such traditions. This tradition emerged in the middle of the second/eighth century and thus is extremely later than the period of early Islam. Despite its weakness from the aspects of isniids and text, it has been, however, cited in the field of religious law in certain contemporary Shi'a and Sunni texts, and this way was considered as an evidence for legal prohibition and the inability of the women in the arena of administrating the society.