بررسي پيامدهاي اجتماعي - اقتصادي شركت كشت و صنعت روژين تاك در شهرستان كرمانشاه

Socio- economic impact of Rojin-Tak food processing company in Kermanshah Township

امروزه يكي از راهبردهاي توسعه روستايي، راه اندازي صنايع فرآوري محصولات كشاورزي و نيز كشت و صنعت ها در مناطق روستايي است. اگرچه اين كارخانه ها با هدف بهبود زندگي مردم در مناطق روستايي احداث مي شوند، نبايد پيامدهاي اجتماعي - اقتصادي آن ها را ناديده گرفت. در زمينه ارزيابي پيامدهاي اجتماعي و اقتصادي احداث كارخانه ها، مطالعات محدودي صورت گرفته است. هدف از اين پژوهش كيفي، بررسي پيامدهاي اجتماعي و اقتصادي شركت كشت و صنعت روژين تاك در شهرستان كرمانشاه است. با توجه به ماهيت موضوعي مطالعه (ارزيابي پيامد)، بسياري از پژوهشگران پيامدسنجي معتقدند كه رويكرد مناسب براي چنين مطالعاتي روش كيفي است؛ بنابراين، اين مطالعه با روش تحقيق كيفي به اجرا درآمده است. جامعه مورد مطالعه اين پژوهش شامل كشاورزان بالاي 30 سال روستاهاي تازه آباد، نظام آباد، توللي، احمدوند، تپه افشار و سرابله در مناطق الهيارخاني و ميان دربند است. به منظور گردآوري اطلاعات، از تكنيك هاي مصاحبه انفرادي و گروه متمركز بهره گرفته شد. داده ها با استفاده از تكنيك تحليل محتوا تجزيه و تحليل شدند. يافته هاي پژوهش نشان داد تغييرات اقتصادي شركت كشت وصنعت روژين تاك در منطقه مورد مطالعه شامل ترويج كشت گوجه فرنگي، توسعه اشتغال كشاورزي و غيركشاورزي، كاهش هزينه حمل ونقل محصول و افزايش قيمت زمين است و پيامدهاي اقتصادي شامل بهبود وضع اقتصادي و تغيير الگوي كشت مي شود. تغييرات زيست محيطي كه به بروز پيامد اجتماعي منجر شده اند، عبارت اند از افزايش ترافيك و آلودگي صوتي. از پيامدهاي اجتماعي مي توان به مواردي مانند افزايش تصادفات، سير صعودي مهاجرت معكوس، تقويت انسجام گروهي، بهبود رفاه اجتماعي - اقتصادي و ميل به تحصيل اشاره كرد. به منظور اعتباربخشي به يافته هاي تحقيق، نتايج مطالعه به مسئولان شركت روژين تاك ارائه و به بحث گذاشته شد. سياست گذاران توسعه روستايي استان مي توانند نتايج اين مطالعه را مبنايي براي سنجش ريسك در برنامه ريزي صنايع روستايي آينده قرار دهند.

Introduction: One of the major strategies in rural development is agro-processing and agri-industrial plantations. The puprose of these agro-industrial establishments is to utilize indigenous resources and to bring equilibrium in rural life. Moreover، meeting rural population needs، enhancement of rural welfare، and creating employment opportunities are the focus of such interventions. It aslo believed that without such interventions، human resource capabilities and employment opportunities is not recognized and thus migration among rural population is invetible. Although these agri-industrial factories are established to improve the quality of life among rural residents، their socio-economic impacts shoud not be overlooked. Literature review reveals that the majority of studies have focused on economic impact of agro-industrial factories with less attention to social impact of these interventions. Moreover، methodological aspect of previous studies are not rigorious enough. In other words، the complexities of socio-economic impacts require that researchers use appropriate methodology to understand the direct and indirest impact of agro-industrial factories. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the socio-economic impact of Rojeentak tomato processing plant in Kermanshah Township 2.Methodology: This study used qualitative research paradigm to assess socio-economic impact of Roujeen-tak food processing plant. The participants included farmers who lived in the nearby area for the past 30 years. This allowed farmers to have a clear picture about the area before Roujeen-tak was brought in the area. Farmers from the following villages were interviewed: Tapeafshar، Ahmanvand، Tazeabad، Tavalali، Sarable، and Nezamabad. Using purposful sampling، 120 farmers from villages participated in the study. snowball sampling continued until sampling saturation. Deep interview and focus group discussion was used to collect data. 3.Discussion: Results revealed that Rojeentak tomato processing company has brought economic changes and impacts. For example، extensive tomato cultivation in the area coupled with agricultural and non-agricultural businesses which in turn created job opportunities. More economic changes such as reduced harvest handling and increased farm and residential property prices are evident. Higher income، economic wellbeing، a change in crop pattern، and adoption of new cultivation practices were among the economic impacts. A major social change caused by Rojeentak tomato processing factory was heavy traffic and audio pollution. Finally، social impacts included significant car accidents، increased reversed migration، higher collective action، enhanced socio-economic wellbeing، and more interest in education. In order to cross check the findings، a non-formal meeting was arranged with the factory supervisors. All findings were validated through cross examination. 4.Conclusion: Results shows that Rojeen-tak factory had an influence in rural employmant. Since agriculture has a major role in the region، and tomatoe planting requires extensive labor work، rural farmers are main source of labor. This in turn، increased the rate of employment. The factory has been helpful in marketing tomatoes and therefore there is a garantee that tomatoe growers sell their products on time. This garantee is provided by Roujeen-tak company. In oher words، farmers deliever their products to the company and receive a fair price for their goods. Employment opportunities in one hand and increased income has helped rural villagers to make better living standards. Other social impact are increased welfair and intention to continue education among young population. The increase in farmers’ income، young individuals are finding themselves in better position to continue their education. A negative impact of Rojeen-tak factory is increased traffick load which created accidents in the villages. Perhaps ، this traffic load is caused by incoming trucks carrying tomatoes from other provinces. The result of this study has implications for rural development practitioners in that they can use it as a risk assessment tool for future rural interventions. Rural development practitioners can use the result of this study as a risk assessment tool to plan for future agro-industrial plants in the region