پديد آورندگان :
انصاري، محمدحسين دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد رشت - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات , هاشم آبادي، داوود دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد رشت - گروه باغباني , يادگاري، مهراب دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي شهركرد - گروه زراعت و گياهان دارويي
كليدواژه :
پروتئين كربونيله , كلروفيل , عملكرد دانه , قند , منطقه مغان
چكيده فارسي :
به منظور ارزيابي تاثير باكتريهاي محرك رشد گياه برخصوصيات اكوفيزيولوژيك دو رقم گندم تحت شرايط ديم آزمايشي به صورت فاكتوريل با سه تكرار در شهرستان گرمي مغان به اجرا درآمد. فاكتورهاي آزمايش شامل دو رقم گندم (آتيلا و زاگرس) و شش سطح باكتري محرك رشد (سودوموناس پوتيدا سويه R168، سودوموناس پوتيدا سويه R159، سودوموناس پوتيدا سويه R112، آزوسپريلوم ليپوفروم سويه 21 A و ازتوباكتر كروكوكوم سويه E25 و يك تيمار شاهد بدون تلقيح با باكتري ) بودند. نتايج نشان داد كه بيشترين مقدار كلروفيل و قند برگ در رقم زاگرس به تريب از باكتري سودوموناس سويه R159 و ازتوباكتر به دست آمد اما در رقم آتيلا باكتري سودوموناس سويه R112 بيشترين مقدار كلروفيل و قند برگ را نشان داد. بيشترين پايداري غشاء نيز از باكتري سودوموناس سويه R112 و بيشترين مقدار پروتئين كربونيله از تيمار شاهد به دست آمد. باكتري سودوموناس سويه R112 در رقم زاگرس نسبت به ساير باكتري‌ها با توليد دانه ۳۱۳۰ كيلوگرم در هكتار از برتري برخوردار بود و بيشترين وزن هزار دانه را نيز نشان داد ولي در رقم آتيلا اگرچه تيمارهاي باكتريايي نسبت به تيمار عدم تلقيح عملكرد دانه بيشتري داشتند اما بين باكتري آزوسپريلوم با سويه هاي R112 و R159 اختلاف معني‌دار وجود نداشت. در مجموع رقم زاگرس نسبت به رقم آتيلا واكنش بهتري به تلقيح باكتريايي نشان داد و براي منطقه ديم گرمي كشت رقم زاگرس همراه با تلقيح با باكتري سودوموناس سويه R112 براي حصول حداكثر عملكرد دانه قابل توصيه است.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objectives
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) may be exposed to different stress conditions that influence
its productivity. One way to confer tolerance to the drought´s effects and stimulate plant
productivity is the action of a group of bacteria capable of making association with plants, known
as Plant Growth Promoter Rhizobacteria (PGPR). It was demonstrated that the PGPR can benefit
the plants in several ways: synthesizing some phytohormones, siderophores, biological nitrogen
fixation, inducing systemic resistance etc. The objective of this work was to evaluate the
physiological responses of two wheat cultivars to PGPR under rain fed conditions.
Material and Methods
To evaluate the effect of PGPRs on physiological characteristics of two wheat cultivars a
factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried
out under rainfed conditions in Germi region. Experimental factors included two wheat cultivars
(Atila and Zagros) and five bacteria (Pseudomonas putida strain R168, R159, R112, Azosprillium
lipoferum strain A21 and Azotobacter chroococcum strain E5) as well as a control treatment. The
parameters measured included: Carbonil Protein, chlorophyll, Soluble Sugar, Cell Membrane
Stability, tillers in shoot, 1000-grain weight, grains number per spike, Shoot dry weight and gain
yield.
Results
Results showed that the highest amount of chlorophyll and soluble sugar in leaf in Zagros
cultivar was obtained from bacteria Pseudomonas strains R159 and Azotobacter, respectively, but
in Attila cultivar Pseudomonas strains R112 showed the highest chlorophyll and leaf sugar. Most
of the membrane stability and the highest amount of protein carbonil was obtained from Pseudomonas
strains R112 and control, respectively. In the Zagros cultivar, the Pseudomonas bacteria, with
3130 kg/ha seed yield than other bacteria were superior and also showed the highest 1000 seed
weight but in Attila cultivar although bacterial treatments had a higher seed yield than control,
but no significant difference was observed between Azosprillium with R112 and R159 strains.
Discussions
The amounts of Cell Membrane Stability, grain number per spike, tillers in shoot, 1000-grain
weight and shoot dry weigh increased in the presence of PGPRs for both cultivars, probably by
action of ACC deaminase activity. The chlorophyll and soluble sugar increased in the presence of
PGPRs comparing controls for both cultivars. The protein carbonil was fewer only when bacteria
were present compared to controls. It is possible to conclude that the association of Pseudomonas
putida strains R112 is more effective and indicates the reduction of ethylene. These data
corroborate with the literature where plant vs. bacteria interaction is genotype and strain
dependent. Finally, Zagros cultivar showed better response to bacterial inoculotion and for
rainfed conditoin of Germi area cultivation of Zagros cultivar as well as bacteria Pseudomonas
strains R112 inoculation is recommended for maximum seed yield.
