پديد آورندگان :
بهروزي، محمود دانشگاه ملاير - پژوهشكده انگور و كشمش - گروه علوم محيطي , نوري، حميد دانشگاه ملاير - پژوهشكده انگور و كشمش ملاير - دانشكده منابع طبيعي و محيطزيست - گروه مرتع و آبخيزداري , بازگير، سعيد دانشگاه تهران - دانشكده جغرافيا - گروه جغرافياي طبيعي , نجاتيان، محمدعلي مركز تحقيقات و آموزش كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي قزوين - گروه باغباني , اخضري، داود دانشگاه ملاير - دانشكده منابع طبيعي و محيط زيست - گروه مرتع و آبخيزداري
كليدواژه :
خسارت گردوخاك , انگور , راهكار , ملاير
چكيده فارسي :
به‌منظور ارزيابي اثر گرد و خاك بر انگور رقم بي‌دانه سفيد، آزمايشي به‌صورت بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي در ايستگاه تحقيقات انگور ملاير در سال 1394-1393 انجام شد. تيمارهاي آزمايش شامل تيمار گرد و خاك به صورت مصنوعي، تيمار راهكار (شتشو با محلول آب و ماده دي‌اكتيل) و شاهد بودند. در اين پژوهش، كلروفيل a و b، كاروتنوئيد، صفات رويشي از قبيل طول شاخه، طول دمبرگ، طول برگ، سطح برگ، فاصله ميان‌گره و صفات زايشي از قبيل تشكيل ميوه، تعداد خوشه در بوته و حبه در خوشه، طول خوشه و قند حبه اندازه‌گيري شد. نتايج حاصل از تجزيه واريانس نشان داد كه گرد و خاك باعث كاهش رنگ‌دانه‌هاي برگ شد. از بين صفات رويشي طول دمبرگ، فاصله ميان‌گره و سطح تك‌برگ در تيمار گرد و خاك تغيير و نسبت به تيمارهاي آزمايش كوتاه و اختلاف بين تيمارها معني‌دار بود. اختلاف طول شاخه سال جاري تيمارها در مرحله دوم (اوايل گل‌دهي) معني‌دار و طويل‌ترين شاخه‌ها در تيمار راهكار مشاهده شد. تشكيل ميوه، تعداد خوشه در بوته و حبه در خوشة بوته‌هاي با تيمار گردوخاك كاهش يافت (تا 7 درصد). همچنين ميزان قند حبه و تعداد خوشه انگور در تيمار گردوخاك به‌شدت كاهش يافت و با ديگر تيمارهاي آزمايش اختلاف معني‌دار داشت. نتايج اين تحقيق نشان داد كه محلول آب و ماده دي‌اكتيل خسارت ناشي از گردوخاك را كاهش داده است.
چكيده لاتين :
Background and Objectives
Atmospheric dust is one of the pollutants that is considered the biggest environmental problem in
different parts of the world. Dust can affect, either directly or indirectly, both plants and crops.
The direct impact is on critical activities such as plant photosynthesis, evapotranspiration,
stomata conductance, pigments, leaf temperature and breathing. The indirect effect may influence
reduction of the fruit quality and yield. This study aims at investigating the adverse effects of
dust on grape vineyard in Malayer, Hamedan Province, Iran.
Material and Methods
The experiment was conducted in randomized completely block design for evaluation of the
effects of dust on White Seedless Grape (Vitisvinifera L.) in the Grape Research Institute,
Malayer, on 27 vines during 2014-2015 year. The first treatment was dust (9 plants); soil samples
were collected from Khuzestan province and after preparation was applied on the plant in four
growth stages using mechanical devices;in the second treatment, solution treatment, dusts were
washed with water and di octyl; the third one was control (9 plants).Chlorophyll a and b,
carotenoids, vegetativetraits such as length of cane, length of leaf, leaf area, length of peduncle,
internodes and reproductive traits such as fruit set, number of berry and number of bunch, length
of bunch, number of berries in bunch, weight of berry and brix of berry were measured.
Results
The results revealed that leaf pigments reduction was caused by deposition of dust on leaf surface
and differences between treatments were significant at 5% probablity level. The vegetative traits
viz. length of peduncle, internodes and leaf area were small in the dust treatment and the
difference between treatments was significant. Length of cane in the second stage was significant
and the longest canes were in the solution treatment. Fruit set, number of berries and number of
bunch were reduced in dust treatment and a significant difference was observed between
treatments. In addition, control and solution treatments were in one class.Moreover, sugar in a
single grape was decreased up to 7 % in dust as compared to other treatments.
Discussions
Dust treatment had more effect on b chlorophyll in the first, the third and the fourth growth stages
of grape as compared to a chlorophyll and Carotenoid. In addition, the difference between the
means was significant at 5 % level. Previous studies showed that the leaf dust accumulation
decreased pigment content of plant.roadside plant could be damaged by dust and had shorter
length of cane. The rate of fruit set in control, dust and solution treatments was 36%, 21% and
33%, respectively. Moreover, the percentage of brix in control, dust and solution treatments, was
20%, 7% and 15%, respectively. The research revealed that dust could reduce photosynthesis and
consequently the amount of brix in grapes which was in agreement with our study.
