پديد آورندگان :
رابط، عليرضا سازمان تحقيقات آموزش و ترويج كشاورزي، زنجان - مركز تحقيقات و آموزش كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي استان زنجان - گروه پژوهشي بخش تحقيقات اقتصادي، اجتماعي و ترويجي , سعيدي، عباس دانشگاه شهيد بهشتي- گروه جغرافيا , طالشي، مصطفي دانشگاه پيام نور - گروه جغرافيا , نظري، عبدالحميد دانشگاه پيام نور - گروه جغرافيا
كليدواژه :
تسهيلات مالي , مسكن روستايي , مقاوم سازي , ايجرود , نوسازي
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Due to the characteristics of the economic, social and cultural life in the rural
community, the quantity and quality of rural housing often is not good. According to
information obtained, there are about 7259 rural housing units in the ljroud city
which about 40.8% percent of them are more than 30 years. Also around 5689
residential units that equal 87.37 of the total rural housing units in the city are worn.
The purpose of this study is to examine the role of housing loans provided by the
Housing Foundation for changing the retrofitting of rural housing is resistant. The
fundamental assumptions of this study are that financial facilities have not resulted in
renovation and retrofitting of rural housing and in addition allocated financial
facilities are not enough to meet the costs of retrofitting and operation to build
housing. In this study rural residential units that are subject to renovating and retrofitting by Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation have been selected. This study
is applied in the purpose and descriptive- analytical in terms of the structure.
Materials and Methods
The sample included all the villages subject to modernization and renovation
activists. According to the information obtained, 58 of 76 villages located in ljroud
have been subject to renovation and reconstruction. According to data collected,
2664 housing loans have paid to rural applicants. Using Cochrane formula 51 village
and 346 people have been chosen for interview and filling questionnaires. The data
collection included interviews, observation and filling questionnaires. For analysis
descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including Wilcoxon test and T one-tail
test were used.
Cronbach's alpha was used to check the reliability of the research. This amount was
equal to 78 percent. Based on the results obtained, 56.8% of the total residential
units have used old concrete in the buildings. But after the renovation and retrofit of
rural housing, concrete has been u-sed in 91.9% of the housing units. About 86/1
percent of rural housings have followed materials architecture before renovation and
construction.
Discussion and Conclusion
After the skeleton operation, about 77.7% of housing units have used girders a lot.
Before the renovation and retrofit, around 72/5 percent of rural housing units have
used clay building materials as the most important filed. Also after the operation in
91.5% of the housing units, rustic brick walls have been used. Before the renovation,
about 80.5% of the studied rural housings have used roofs made of straw flowers, but
after the program it has been promoted to about 93.9%. According to research
findings, straw flowers have a significant role in building facades. The use of cement in the view of new housing was associated with the psychological aspects, eager to
modernize housing and compliance with urban housing pattern. The findings suggest
that before the renovation the wooden beams were the most important retrofitting
materials used on the roof, but in recent years the majority of rural housing have
replaced brick, beams and concrete. The results of the survey indicate that the
majority of the rural population of the study area is not in good economic situation.
On this basis, approximately 96.5% of the population believes that the facility
provided for retrofitting of housing is not enough. In contrast, about 3.5 % of the
people found the facilities sufficient to complete construction. By examining the
retrofitting process, the results indicate that about 97.4% of villagers have not been
able to finish their retrofitting with the facilities. In contrast, about 2.6 % of them
have completed their renovation and retrofit of housing construction. Using the
Wilcoxon and Z tests Obtained for the relevant indicators, it can be stated that the
financial facilities have been led to renovation and retrofit of housing and to improve
physical fabric of rural housing. The results ofT test indicate that facilities provided
are inadequate and not fit the needs from the villagers" viewpoint. Wilcoxon test was
used to check the status of rural housing before and after the renovation and
retrofitting and to test the hypothesis of "financial facilities for modernization and
strengthening of rural housing have been resulted in improvement of the rural
housing structure". The results of these tests indicated that according to the Z
statistic obtained for the relevant indicators, it can be concluded that financial
facilities have improved the rural housing structure.The second hypothesis was to
check the adequacy of facilities for modernization and strengthening of housing from
the borrowers' viewpoints.
The results obtained from the one sample T-test indicated that it is lower than the
numerical utility. Therefore, it can be concluded that from the borrowers' viewpoints,
the amount of the facilities is not sufficient for retrofitting and renovation of the rura housings.According to a survey conducted, elimination of manufacturing- logistics
spaces, building new housing units based on the pattern of urban architecture, using
a single and uniform model, use of non-native building materials and inconsistent
with the characteristics of the geographic area, small dimensions and area of
residential units, removing spaces like many production environments have been led
to fundamental changes in economic, social and physical characteristics of the
studied area. Unfortunately, the trend in changing the style and model and
production environment, overcome the culture of consumerism thoughts,
accelerating rural-urban transformation, accelerating the process of entering the
trappings of urban to rural, economic dependence, social and Technical migration
from the villages to cities, are facing rural communities in the studied area. On the
other hand, due to the involvement and role of these issues in migration, natural
economic and social increasing tendency to migration from rural to urban areas, it
can be stated that housing facilities are temporary solutions in order to reduce the
migration in the rural societies. Facilities to rural housing is an important factor in
achieving rural development, but it is essential that the view of a society must be
pursued with a sustainable approach to meet spatial and physical aspects of the
environment and the rural community.
Conclusion
Finally it can be concluded that modernization and retrofitting of rural housings is an
opportunity in order to make preparations for positive developments in various
aspects of living in the studied area. But in the case of non-compliance approach and
not systematically identify the strengths, weaknesses and lack of constructive
interaction between custodians of rural development in the direction of structural
change in the fundamentals may lead to failure the program and impose social and
economic costs. In this regard, it is recommended to apply a muliobjective and comprehensive and targeted program for positive developments in all the economic,
social and physical aspects, and to preserve the identity and function of the rural
settlement in cooperation with the Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation and
Agriculture organization and other related Rural Development organizations.
