مكانيابي ايستگاه هاي آتش نشاني با استفاده از روش تلفيقي AHP و GIS مطالعه موردي: منطقه 3 اصفهان

Fire station location using AHP and GIS compilation Case Study: third zone of Esfahan city

امروزه بحث ايمني يكي از مهمترين مسائل شهري است كه توجه مديران شهري را به خود جلب نموده است. آتش سوزي يكي از تهديدات ناشي از بحران هاي طبيعي و مصنوعي است كه مي تواند چالش هاي وسيعي را در ابعاد مختلف زندگي شهري پديد آورد. مطالعات انجام شده نشان داد كه منطقه 3 اصفهان با جمعيت 111889نفر در سال1390 و وسعت 1152هكتار تنها داراي يك مركز آتش نشاني مي باشد كه شعاع عملكردي مناسبي نسبت به كل منطقه نداشته و پاسخگوي نياز ساكنان نمي باشد. از ميان تجهيزات شهري، احداث مراكز آتش نشاني در اين منطقه به علت قرارگيري بازار قديمي، تاريخي و زنده ي قيصريه در آن و كمبود راه هاي خروج اضطراري و امداد رساني در هنگام بروز آتش سوزي و همچنين وجود كارگاه ها و انبارهاي متصل به بازار نيز كه خود بر تبعات بروز ساير حوادث جانبي افزوده است؛ ازاهميت و ضرورت برخوردار است. بنابراين پژوهش حاضر با هدف افزايش سطح ايمني، ضمن مكانيابي ايستگاه هاي آتش نشاني در منطقه 3 اصفهان، با استفاده از تحليل سلسله مراتبي (AHP) و مدل مكانيابي در محيط GIS صورت گرفته است.همچنين اين پژوهش بر مبناي روش تحقيق (توصيفي – تحليلي) داده هاي مورد نياز را بصورت كتابخانه اي – اسنادي جمع آوري نمود. در ابتدا معيارها و زيرمعيارهاي موثر در مكان گزيني ايستگاه آتش نشاني با استفاده از روش سلسله مراتبي (AHP) به كمك نرم افزار Expert Choice وزن دهي شد و پس از آن با رقومي سازي لايه ها در محيط GIS با استفاده از تحليل فضايي در ابتدا نقشه هاي فاصله اقليدسي و در ادامه با كلاسه بندي، نقشه هاي هر لايه توليد شد و سپس با همپوشاني تمامي لايه ها با اعمال ارزش هاي بدست آمده از تحليل سلسله مراتبي AHP، مكان جديد ايستگاه آتش نشاني پيشنهادي شد.

Introduction: The deployment of every urban element in the position of the body - a particular area of the city، is subject to certain principles، rules and procedures that، if followed، will ensure the success and effectiveness of that element in the same place، otherwise there will be many problems with the occurrence he does. Therefore، achieving equilibrium in the spatial distribution of resources and services is the main goal of the planners. Considering the importance of locating and its position in various projects and projects، the importance of the location of the fire stations and the direct impact on its model and performance will be determined. Provision of fire station services requires their proper location in order to distribute them appropriately to minimize their financial and financial losses.Locating fire stations and determining the number and location of stations guarantee the safety of citizens in the event of any incident. Due to the high importance of the 3rd district of Isfahan among other areas of the city، attention to safety issues in this context is urgently needed. The 3rd district of Isfahan is the heart of the city which has an ancient heritage. One of the important issues facing urban management is the timely delivery of fire during a fire. Thus، there was no responsive station in this area. Therefore، the need to address the problem of locating and distributing fire stations is of great importance in urban planning. Therefore، the choice of optimal location and appropriate distribution of fire stations will be the overall goal of this study to increase the safety level. Materials & Methods: The present research is a descriptive-analytic research in terms of purpose، applied research and in terms of the nature and method of the study. Part of the theoretical information was collected through library studies، the use of documents، records and reports. To understand the scope، the studies conducted by the consultant as well as field observations and observations have been used. In the analysis section، using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and geospatial mapping model. In this study، at first، the criteria and the sub criteria for determining the location of the fire station were weighted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) using Expert Choice software، and then، by digitizing the layers in the GIS، each map The layer is produced for each of the criteria، and then the layers are overlapped by applying the weights of each layer، the fire station's optimal locations are proposed. Results & Discussion: Among the urban facilities، the construction of fire centers in the area due to the deployment of the old، historical and living Qaiseriyah market، and the lack of emergency exit routes and relief during the fire، as well as the existence of workshops and warehouses connected to the market It is also important that it should be added to the consequences of other incidents. Therefore، this study aimed to increase the level of safety by locating fire stations in Isfahan region 3 using AHP and location model in GIS environment. After normalizing the maps with the Reclassify tool، and according to the categories at this stage with the Raster Calculator tool، the sum of all generated layers multiplies the values for each layer obtained from AHP and maps the proposed locations for Fire station was created. Based on the final map (Figure 19)، the most suitable optimal points for the fire station were selected based on the criteria analysis. These points of choice have the proper features، including proximity to access level 2، abandoned land، an area of 1500 square meters up، construction density and high population density in the periphery. According to (Fig. 19)، three-point distances were investigated using the Euclidean Distance tool. On the other hand، according to the existing standard، for every 50،000 people we need to build a fire station; therefore، in addition to a fire station in the area، it is necessary to deploy another station. Finally، according to the aforementioned maps، by examining the intervals between the existing and proposed fire stations، the final map (Fig. 20) is based on the noninterference of the functional radii of 1200 meters of stations relative to each other; the third point as optimal The most common location of the fire station was deployed. Conclusion: By studying the present situation and field observations of the fire station in Isfahan region 3، it has only one center and according to the volume of utilizations and activities of importance in the region as well as the height of the region with historic monuments at national levels And internationally، the issue of safety in the context of this region is very important. Therefore، based on the population and region level، the existing fire station does not cover the possibility of service within a 3-5 minute interval throughout the entire area. Considering that the area has organic and intact texture. Based on field observations and existing standards، residents needed urban equipment، including fire stations. Therefore، the purpose of this study was to locate another fire station based on the region's requirements، standards and indicators. Therefore، effective measures in area 3 including demographic density، availability، consistent use، functional radius، building quality، size of parts، construction density، and user-friendliness were considered. Eventually، considering the 1200 meter radius، the location of the optimal fire station station was proposed on Neshat Street.