اصول و روش تفسير قراردادهاي بيمه

Principles and methods of interpretation of insurance contracts

تفسير به معناي تلاش براي درك مفهوم مبهم و مدلول حقوقي و قراردادي است. قراردادهاي بيمه معمولاً قراردادهاي الحاقي اند، لذا قرارداد هاي بيمه به دليل وجود موقعيت نابرابر قراردادي، مستلزم نوعي اصول و قواعد تفسيري حمايتي هستند كه از بيمه گذار حمايت كند. دكترين تفسيري قراردادهاي بيمه از نظر شيوهاعمال و زمان كاربرد به دو دسته، دكترين سنتي يا اوليه و دكترين نوين يا ثانويه تقسيم مي شود. دكترين اوليه، روش سنتي تفسير با هدف كشف قصد طرفين به وسيله ابزارهاي قراردادي است و در درجه اول اعمال مي گردد؛ ولي در مواردي كه رفع ابهام ها از طريق اين دكترين ممكن نيست، دكترين ثانويه اعمال مي شود. دكترين ثانويه شامل دكترين تفسير عليه بيمه گر و دكترين انتظارات معقول مي باشد كه هركدام ماهيت ويژه متفاوتي دارند.

The most accurate contracts may also be involved in ambiguity، and Interpretation is trying to understand the legal concept. Insurance contract are counted as accession contracts in which the insured has no thorough understanding of the terms. Because of parties inequality in insurance contracts، they fall into a different category from the interpretation perspective and demand protective interpretation rules or principles which support the weaker party’s interests i.e. the insured. Insurance contract interpretation doctrines are divided into two primary and secondary doctrines. The purpose of the primary doctrines is to unravel the mutual intentions of the parties which is common to all contracts and are applied in the first instance. However، if removing ambiguities is not possible by these doctrines، in this situation، the court has to apply doctrines with regard to unequal situation of the parties; the doctrines called secondary doctrines. In interpretation of insurance contracts، attention must be paid to facts of the dispute and the surrounding circumstances، Thus It's better، court، first apply the primary doctrine and in case of ambiguity to check the balance of the contracting parties and then be applied by secondary doctrine.