معناشناسي بغي و براندازي در قرآن كريم و نظام حقوقي اسلام

The Meaning of revolt concept in Islam and political crime

مفهوم جرم سياسي قدمتي به تاريخ وجود حكومت ها دارد، اما اصطلاح جرم سياسي در چند قرن اخير در اروپا ظهور يافته و در قرون اخير از قبح آن كمي كاسته شده و حقوقدانان سعي در تخفيف مجازات آن دارند. اين نگرش جديد در ايران تاثير گذاشته و در قانون اساسي ايران بدان اشاره شده است و در حالي-كه تعريف اصطلاح جرم سياسي را به قوانين عادي سپرده، ولي با وجود اهميت اين جرم، متاسفانه قوانين عادي به تعريف آن نپرداخته اند. آنچه جالب به نظر مي رسد، توجه فقه اسلامي به جرايم مشابه جرم سياسي است كه از زمان پيامبر و صدر اسلام شروع شده، مثل جريان خوارج يا همان باغيان كه در نگرشي كلي مي توان شباهت هاي بسياري بين بغي و جرم سياسي يافت. اين مقاله به معناشناسي واژه بغي و قلمرو معنايي آن در قرآن كريم و نظام حقوقي اسلام و بررسي مفهومي جرم سياسي و بغي پرداخته است. در باب هر كدام از اين دو جرم به طور مجزا تحقيقات گسترده اي صورت پذيرفته كه در اكثر اين تحقيقات اشاره اي به جرم مشابه شده، اما در مورد انطباق با عدم انطباق آنها كمتر تحقيق و بررسي جدي صورت پذيرفته است. به نظر مي رسد براي انجام وظيفه اي كه قانون اساسي بر عهده قوانين موضوعه گذاشته - و آن ارايه تعريف دقيق و جامع از جرم سياسي است - و اينكه پايه و مبناي قوانين ما در جمهوري اسلامي مي بايست فقهي باشد، لازم است كه اين دو جرم در يك تحقيق مقايسه اي مورد بررسي قرار گيرند.

The concept of political crime is as old as the history of governments. However, .concept of political crime appeared in Europe in recent century. And the badness of political crime has diminished in recent century and so the lawyers try to reduce its punishment .Of course, this new view has had effects in Iran and referred to in the Constitution. While the definition of political crime has been entrusted to common laws, the said laws have not addressed it. .However, due to the significance of this crime, Islamic jurisprudence has given attention to such crimes; crimes which have started from the era of the Prophet. However, one can find similarities between revolt and political crimes. This paper seeks to explain the semantics of revolt and its semantic realm in the Quran as well as in the Islamic Legal System. Large scale researches have been conducted in the area of these two crimes; however in regard to their matching there is no research available. It appears that it is necessary to examine these two crimes in large researches. In spite of importance of this crime, unfortunately the common law dose not enough engage to concept of this crime, but it looks interested that Islamic jurisprudence considering to the crimes that is similar to political crime and this consideration is beginning from prophet age and upper part of Islam, One of theme was khavarage event or baghian. that in whole idea we can understand about similarity between revolt and political crime. In this article we get down to examine in concept of this two crime. Wide spreading probes has been done separately in each of this crimes. in the most of this probes has pointed to similar crime, but it dose not perform a series probe and examination a bout conformity or unconformity of this the two crimes. It seems for doing the duties that constitutional law take its responsible in law theme- that this duty is showing the accuracy and complete meaning of political crime- so because of the principal of our law in Islamic republic must be jurisprudence therefore its necessary that this two crime examine in comparative probe. In the end we should say that even this two crimes have the most similarity but this crimes are independency topic so revolt is according with political crime.