قلمرو فقه سياسي از منظر "آيه الله خامنه اي"

The Scope of Political Jurisprudence from the Viewpoint of Ayatollah Khamenei

فقه سياسي به مثابه گرايشي بين رشته اي بين دو دانش فقه و سياست، از ساليان دور مسائل سپهر سياست را مورد توجه قرار مي داد، لكن با پيروزي انقلاب اسلامي گستره فقه سياسي، توسعه يافته و عرصه هاي جديدي را دربرگرفته است. آ يةالله خامنه اي به عنوان فقيه ي انديشمند، متناسب با مباني، غايات و انتظارات روزآمد از فقه و فقه سياسي، گستره وسيعي از موضوعات، مسائل و كاركردها را براي فقه سياسي، ارائه كرده است كه براساس آن، از يكسو مفهوم فقه سياسي، به بخشي از فقه كه به امور سياسي مي پردازد، محدود نمي شود، بلكه به بابي از بابهاي عملي فقه، اطلاق ميشود كه اداره زندگي مردم را مد نظر قرار داده و فقه اداره جامعه سياسي محسوب مي شود. از سوي ديگر، از آنجا كه فقه در تعريف ايشان، قلمرويي فراتر از فهم احكام يافته و شامل فهم دين مشتمل بر عقايد، احكام و اخلاق مي شود، لذا در نگرش ايشان، فقه سياسي (به مثابه بخشي از فقه) به احكام و رفتارهاي سياسي اختصاص نداشته، بلكه مشتمل بر احكام، باورهاي سياسي و اخلاق سياسي خواهد بود. بر اساس ديدگاه آيةالله خامنه اي، برخلاف زمان گذشته كه فقه سياسي بخاطر اقتضائات شرايط جامعه، قلمرويي در محدوده افراد مؤمن داشت، با پيروزي انقلاب اسلامي، قلمرويي به گستره جامعه سياسي و حكومت ديني يافته است. بلكه بر همين اساس، اقتضائات تحقق نظام اسلامي موجب مي شود، قلمرو فقه سياسي از فهم احكام شرع، فراتر رفته و به استنباط نظريه هاي سياسي و نظام سازي، توسعه يابد

As an interdisciplinary trend between the two disciplines, i.e. jurisprudence and politics, political jurisprudence has long focused its attention on the issues in the realm of politics. However, after the triumph of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, political jurisprudence extended to include some new fields of study. As an erudite jurist, Ayatollah Khamenei has put forward a wide range of issues, questions and functions proportionate to the foundations, ends and growing expectations in relation to jurisprudence and political jurisprudence. Accordingly, on the one hand, the concept of political jurisprudence is not restricted to that part of jurisprudence which is concerned with the political affairs, but it applies to an issue in practical jurisprudence that takes into consideration the way in which people should run their social affairs. This can be referred to as the jurisprudence of conducting political society. On the other hand, since jurisprudence, as defined by Ayatollah Khamenei, goes beyond mere understanding of [jurisprudential]precepts and extends to include knowledge of religion in such fields as beliefs, precepts and morality, he holds the view that political jurisprudence (as a part of jurisprudence) is not devoted to precepts and political conduct. Rather, it consists of precepts, political beliefs and political morality. According to Ayatollah Khamenei, due to the social conditions and requirements in the past, the political jurisprudence had a limited scope within the community of the faithful, but after the triumph of the Islamic Revolution, it began to expand its scope to include political society and religious government. Likewise, the requirements of forming Islamic system makes it possible that the scope of jurisprudence goes beyond mere understanding of the legal precepts and develops into inferences of political theories and system-creating.