پديد آورندگان :
خرازي، مهديه دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم باغباني , تهراني فر، علي دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم باغباني و مهندسي فضاي سبز , نعمتي، حسين دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه بيوتكنولوژي و به نژادي , باقري، عبدالرضا دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه بيوتكنولوژي و به نژادي
كليدواژه :
پيت ماوس , ضريب تكثير , قلمه هاي فلسي , قطر پيازچه
چكيده فارسي :
گياه آماريليس به عنوان گياه زينتي گلداني، فضاي باز و گل شاخه بريده پرورش داده مي شود. در شرايط عادي تعداد پيازچه هاي دختري توليد شده، بسيار كم مي باشد. بنابراين بهبود روش هاي تكثير سنتي اين گياه، يكي از راهكارهاي مناسب جهت كوتاه كردن دوره رشدي اين گياه مي باشد. لذا اين آزمايش با هدف بررسي اثر نوع بستر كشت و موقعيت قلمه هاي فلسي در پياز مادري بر توليد پيازچه در شرايط آزمايشگاهي، به منظور افزايش سرعت تكثير اين گياه زينتي، به صورت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح كاملا تصادفي با ۷ تكرار انجام شد. جهت اندازه گيري صفات وزن تر و خشك از ۳ تكرار استفاده گرديد. پيازها به صورت شعاعي به ۱۲ قطعه مساوي برش داده شدند، بطوري كه هر قطعه داراي بخشي از صفحه پايگاهي باشد. به منظور بررسي اثر موقعيت فلس جفتي در پياز مادري، قطعات برش خورده به ۵ نمونه فلس جفتي تقسيم و گروه بندي شدند، بطوريكه در گروه يك، خارجي ترين نمونه هاي فلس جفتي و در گروه پنج، داخلي ترين نمونه هاي فلس جفتي قرار گرفتند. بسترهاي كشت مورد استفاده در اين آزمايش شامل بستر كشت ماسه، پرلايت، ورمي كولايت، پيت ماوس و كوكوپيت بود. در پايان آزمايش، تعداد پيازچه توليد شده در هر نمونه، قطر پيازچه، تعداد ريشه، طول ريشه، وزن تر و خشك اندام هاي مختلف گياه و ميزان قهوه اي شدن قلمه هاي فلسي ثبت گرديد. نتايج نشان داد كه بستر كشت و موقعيت فلس جفتي در پياز مادري تاثير معني داري بر كيفيت پيازچه هاي باززايي شده داشتند. بيشترين ميزان وزن تر پيازچه (۱/۵۸ گرم)، وزن خشك پيازچه (۰/۲۱ گرم) و بيشترين قطر پيازچه باززايي شده (۱/۵ سانتي متر) در بستر كشت پيت ماوس و فلس جفتي گروه يك حاصل گرديد. بر اساس نتايج بدست آمده چنانچه نمونه هاي فلس جفتي از فلس هاي خارجي تر پياز تهيه گردند، پيازچه هايي با كيفيت مطلوب تري توليد خواهند نمود. بطوركلي جهت تكثير آماريليس از طريق نمونه هاي فلس جفتي، كاربرد فلس هاي جفتي گروه يك (خارجي ترين لايه فلس جفتي) و بستر كشت پيت ماوس توصيه مي گردد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: Amaryllis is grown as pot outdoor plant and cut flower. Generally, this ornamental plant propagates by seed, suckers and scale cutting. Propagating by seed is not commercial and often used to produce new varieties. On the other hand, number of bulblets per mother bulb is very low under normal condition. Besides each bulb produces only 2 or 3 bulblets in a growing season and they become mature and produce flower stalk after 2 to 3 years. In some cases bulbs have no capacity to produce bulblet. Therefore, one of the strategies for shortening the growth period of the plant is to improve the traditional methods of plant propagations.
Materials and Methods: This study was done as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 7 replications to evaluate the effects of medium and position of twin scales in mother bulbs on propagation of bulblets, in order to increase the rate of propagation of this ornamental plant. To measure wet and dry weight of explants, 3 replicates were used. For propagation, bulbs were cut radially into 12 equal pieces, so that each pieces were contained a part of the basal plate. To evaluate the effects of position of twin scales in mother bulbs, pieces were divided as twin scales and classified in 5 groups, so that the outermost twin scales was grouped in class 1 and the innermost twin scales was grouped in class 5. After that, the scale cuttings were dipped in 0.1 % carbendazim solution for 25 minutes and then surface water were dried using sterilized tissue paper. Media that used in this study were sand, perlite, vermiculite, Peat moss and cocopeat. For removing possible contamination from the media, all media were autoclaved for 30 minutes at 121 °C. Then twin scales cuttings were cultured in vented transparent plastic containers that filled with different media and were kept in a growth chamber at 25 °C and 16 hours lighting.Number of produced bulblet, bulblet diameter, root number, root length, fresh and dry weight of plants and browning rate of scales were recorded at the end of the experiment.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that medium and twin scale position in the mother bulb had a significant effect on the quality produced bulblet. The highest fresh weight of bulblet 1.58 g), bulblet dry weight (0.21 g) and the maximum diameter of the produced bulblet (1.5 cm) were obtained in the outermost twin scales and peat moss medium. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of culture medium on the number and length of produced leaf was significant (p<0.01). Among the different types of substrates, peat moss and cocopeat media produced the highest (1.14) and the lowest (0.12) number of leaf, respectively. Significant differences were observed among media in terms of leaf length and the maximum length of leaves 5.82 cm) in peat moss medium. However, other media did not show significant differences to each other. Type of medium and scale position in the mother bulb had a significant effect on the weight of regenerated plantlets (p<0.01), and the maximum and minimum weight of regenerated plantlet were observed in peat moss medium, twin scale group 1 (3.60 g), cocopeat medium and twin scale group 5 (0.66 g), respectively. There were high significant decrease in the weight of regenerated plantlets in peat moss medium by changing the position of scale from group 2 to 3. Generally, in all media, outermost scales produced larger and more bulky plantlets. Evaluating the effects of scale position and type of medium on root dry weight showed that the interaction of these two factors had significant effect on root dry weight. Outermost twin scales cultured in peat moss medium showed the highest (0.0135 g) root dry weight and innermost twin scale cultured in perlite medium showed the lowest (0.0010 g) value of it. It can be concluded that twin scales prepared from outermost layers of mother bulb had greater areas and so had more stored nutrition. Therefore their capacity for producing plantlet was higher in comparison to innermost layers. Based on the results of this study, for obtaining the best quality of produced bulblet, application of the outermost twin scales is recommended.
