مشاركت سياسي و رفتار انتخاباتي (ترجيحات رأي‌دهي) مردم از ديدگاه حضرت امام خميني (ره)

Political participation and electoral behaviors (voting preferences) of people from Imam Khomeini’s viewpoint

نظام جمهوري اسلامي ايران از بدو تأسيس تاكنون يكي از نظام هاي حكومتي دنيا مي‌باشد كه بيشترين انتخابات را تجربه و برگزار نموده است. جمهوري بودن ساختار نظام و انتخابي بودن مناصب و مقامات تقنيني و اجرايي از جمله شاخص هاي مردم‌سالاري نظام جمهوري اسلامي ايران است كه بستر مناسبي را براي حضور گسترده شهروندان، گروه‌ها و احزاب در جهت تعيين سرنوشت سياسي از طريق انتخابات فراهم نموده است.حضرت امام (ره)،براساس نظريه سياسي انقلابي،مردمي وكارآمدخود،با طرح اصل ضرورت تعيين سرنوشت هر ملت به دست خويش تصريح مي نمايند:"هر ملتي بايدسرنوشت خودش را خودش معين كند".امام ،حاكميت وتعيين سرنوشت ملتها را به دست خويش نه تنها به سان يك شايست وبايست سياسي طرح مي كنند،بلكه آن را به عنوان يك سنت وقانون فلسفي تاريخي و جهاني مورد توجه قرار داده است وبه عنوان يك واقعيت عيني و مسلم مورد تأكيد قرار مي دهند.همچنين امام دولتها واقتدار وكارآمدي آنها رااز اراده ملت هاوعلاقه مندي آنان به سرنوشت خويش محسوب مي دانند،يعني دولت،انتخابات،رياست جمهوري، رهبري ومجلس وساير اركان ونهادهاي نظام سياسي ودولت جمهوري اسلامي ايران راناشي از خواست ملي و تابع اراده عمومي آنها تلقي مي كنند و همچنين آنها را در جهت تأمين منافع ومصالح كشور خود مي دانند.اجمالا در اين مقاله به بررسي منابع و مباني نظري انديشه‌ي سياسي امام (ره) در خصوص لزوم مشاركت سياسي مردم در جهت تعيين سرنوشت سياسي و ساماندهي و اداره جامعه اسلامي با موضوعيت انتخابات (ترجيحات راي دهي) پرداخته و پاسخگويي به اين سوال اصلي است كه «مشاركت سياسي مردم حق آنها است يا تكليف؟».

Elections are one of the most recognized characteristics of a politically developed society. However, a large number of countries have been unable to hold effective elections because of a variety of reasons. One of the countries which is considered, even by many outsiders, as an example of a successful country with regard to holding effective elections is Islamic republic of Iran. The country has been, from the beginning, one of the governments which has experienced and successfully held a large number of elections.In this system, the republic structure necessitates the appointments to be based on election so that legislative and executive posts are indicative of indispensable democratic characteristics of Islamic Republic of Iran. This prepares grounds for the active and extensive participation of the citizens, groups and political parties toward determining political destiny of the country through election.Imam Khomeini (RA), in his political, revolutionary, national and efficient theory, and with introducing the principle of the necessity of self-determination of destiny in each nation, stipulates that,” each nation should determine its own destiny”. In his view, this decision is not only politically necessary, it is also considered as a historical, global and philosophical tradition and law and is an objective and definite reality. Imam, also, believes that governments, their power and their efficiency originate in nations’ determination and their interests in their fate i.e. the government, election, the president, the parliament and other leading government organs and institutions of the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran are in accordance with national demand, and depend on general will and toward fulfiling their own country’s national interests.In this article, resources and theories of Imam Khomeini’s thoughts are studied with regard to the necessity of people’s political participation in organizing and governing the Islamic society.