پهنه بندي آمايشي با استفاده از مدل هاي ANP و AHP جهت توسعه گردشگري مطالعه موردي: شهرستان اشنويه

در اين تحقيق به منظور برنامه ريزي كاربري اراضي جهت توسعه گردشگري با رويكرد ارزيابي چند عامله، از 10 متغير طبقات ارتفاعي، شيب، جهت شيب، خاك، ليتولوژي، پوشش زمين، راه ارتباطي، گسل، پتانسيل سيلاب و پتانسيل زمين لغزش براي منطقه مورد مطالعه استفاده شده است. مواد مورد استفاده در اين پژوهش از نقشه هاي مختلف با مقياس هاي متفاوت، نرم افزار ARC GIS10، نرمافزارSuper Decisions استفاده شده است، در مرحله بعد متغيرها با استفاده از مدل هايANP و AHPوبر اساس نظر متخصصين امر ارزش گذاري گرديدند. سپس با استفاده از تحليل گرهاي فضايي در محيط GISخروجي هاي مورد نظر از نقشه هاي مرجع تهيه شد و ضمن هم پوشاني اين نقشه ها در محيط GIS با استفاده ازعملگر جمع جبري، خروجي نهايي تحت عنوان پهنه بندي كاربري اراضي براي پهنه بندي فضايي گردشگري به دست آمد.نتايج در سه طبقه كيفي ممنوع، مشروط و مجاز محاسبه شد و نشان داد كه حدود 21 درصد از منطقه واجد قابليت توسعه گردشگري به طور مجاز است و حدود 42 درصد از منطقه قابليت توسعه فقط به صورت مشروط با رعايت جوانب اكولوژيكي را دارا است. حدود 37 درصد هم ممنوع بودن توسعه گردشگري را نشان مي دهد. در پهنه هايي كه جهت توسعه گردشگري مجاز هستند، در صورت استفاده مطلوب، ارائه امكانات و خدمات رفاهي و تبليغ مناسب مي توان از پتانسيل هاي آن ها به منظور گسترش گردشگري پايدار و برقراري تعادل و توازن اقتصادي مناطق مختلف به ويژه مناطق توسعه نيافته و روستايي استفاده كرد. نتايج اين تحقيق را مي توان به عنوان شاخصي جهت توسعه كاربري هاي مناسب و بهينه در چارچوب طرح هاي اقتصادي در منطقه مورد بهره برداري قرار داد.

Ecological capability assessment (landuse planning) as follows: Regulate the relationship between man, land and human activities on land to sustainable use of all human resources and land space to improve the material and spiritual position in the course of time. Planning recreational outing as a way of protection functions in the areas of natural resources management work experience, they also provide the dynamic field of protection (Laurance at all, 2005: 457). Recreationplanning as a strategy management experience in the areas of natural resources, provide dynamic conservation (Laurance at all, 2005: 457). The aim of this study is Zoning Planning with the approach of ANP and AHP models for tourism development. Based on multi-agent approach to special assessment process network analysis is based on various environmental data. These models are presented based on various environmental data. This research ultimately assessment and will identify has the ability to develop tourism zones in the city limits of Oshnavieh. The results of this research can be used as an indicator for the development of appropriate and optimum applications. Materials & Methods Oshnavieh city located in the southwestern province of West Azerbaijan. In this study, in order to landuse planning for tourism development with evaluation of a multi- factor approach, were used for the study area of 10 variables Elevational classes, slope, aspect, soil, lithology, land cover, road of communication, fault, flood potential and landslide potential. In this study, different maps with different scales, RC GIS10 and Super Decisions software are used. In the nextstage were valuation variables using the ANP and AHP models based on expert opinion. Then, was prepared the desired output of the reference maps by using of analysts spatial in GIS and the overlaying this maps in GIS environment by using Algebraic sum, respectively the final output as land use zoning scheme for the development of spatial tourism. Distributed were 15 questionnaires among specialists for each model (5 specialist land use, 5 tourism specialist and 5 specialist geomorphology) for valuation. After analyzing the questionnaires, to calculate the final weights of each criteria and sub-criteria (according to internal communications) was used Super Decisions software. Results & Discussion In this study, were determined the evaluation criteria and their weights, correctly and with acceptable accuracy (under 1/0) by reviewing the literature, experts and paired in the form of ANP and AHP. Finally after the overlay was obtained zoning map for tourism development model based on AHP and ANP in the city Oshnavieh. The maps are in three categories: permitted, conditional and prohibited zones classified and the area was calculated. In the ANP model 7/21 percent and inthe AHP 1/21 percent of the study region has a permitted of tourism development and capability are better for tourism development. Most of the area has a slope between 0 to 8 percent and also the type of pasture lands are semi-intensive. The potential forflooding and landslides in these areas is low and very low so these areas are ecologically appropriate land use is extensive. Because the user of nature tourism is compatible with all users within this class. Conditioned class included 8/42 percent in model ANP and 42/08 percent in AHP model in the study area. In these areas, provided that the adherence to ecological aspects of development are extensive. Prohibited class included about 36 percent of the region. Any tourism development is prohibited becauseof its agricultural land and steep in parts, potential flooding and landslides. A large part of central and northern parts of the East region's capacity for sustainable development of tourism show better. Although these results are based on two models aredifferent, but generally close together. Conclusion The results were calculated in three quality groups: Permited, forbidden and conditional. It was revealed that 21 percent of the area had the capacity for permited degree of tourism development and about 42 percent of the area had the conditional degree of tourism development conciderring ecologic prespectives. In the remaining 37 percent of the area tourism development was forbidden under any condition. In areas that have been allowed to develop tourism if desired, providedthe facilities and utilities and their potential to develop sustainable tourism could be promoted properly and economic equilibrium and balance different areas, especially in underdeveloped and rural use. The results of this study can be was exploited asan indicator for the development of appropriate landuses and optimize in the framework economic projects in the region.