فعل در گويش كلاسوري

Verb system in Kalāsuri dialect

دستگاه فعل در گويش كلاسوري مختصات و ويژگي هايي دارد كه آن را در تقابل با زبان فارسي و ديگر گويش هاي جنوب غربي ايران قرار مي دهد. حتي در مواردي آن را از برخي از گويش هاي هم‌خانواده خود، نظير هرزني، تالشي، تاكستاني، چالي، اشتهاردي، سگزاري، خيارجي و ... كه گروه زبان هاي شمال غربي ايران را تشكيل مي دهند و احتمالاً جملگي از آذري باستان منشعب شده اند، متمايز مي كند. برخي از اين ويژگي ها كه در بررسي هاي زباني اهميتي خاص دارند عبارت اند از: زوال تدريجي ماده مضارع و بناي اغلب صيغه هاي مشتق از آن از ماده ماضي؛ ساخت مضارع اخباري و ماضي استمراري از مصدر؛ همساني كامل صيغه هاي ماضي مطلق و ماضي نقلي لازم و تمايز اين دو فعل از جايگاه تكيه؛ كاربرد صفت فاعلي به عنوان ماده آينده و ديگر مختصات و ويژگي هايي كه در مقاله حاضر به تفصيل به آنها خواهيم پرداخت.

The verbal system of Kal?suri dialect has some peculiarities and characteristics that put it in contrast with Persian language and other Iranian southwestern dialects. In some cases, they, even, make it distinct from relative dialects such as Harzani, T?leshi, T?kestani, Ch?lestani, Eshth?rdi, Sagz?ri, etc. The above mentioned dialects constitute the northwestern branch of the Iranian languages which are probably all descended from ancient ?zari. Some of these characteristics that seem to be important in language studies could be mentioned here: firstly, in the verb system of this dialect, the present stem has been subjected to gradual decline and accordingly some present verb forms are constructed from past stem. Secondly, the indicative present and past progressive are constructed from infinitive. Thirdly, the intransitive simple past and present perfect are the same in form, but they are just distinguished by accent, and finally the present participle is used as future stem. These issues and some other peculiarities would be discussed in this article in detail.