موضوع و ماهيت علوم انساني و جايگاه آن در منظومه علوم با تاكيد بر آرا و نظريات فارابي

The Subject and Essence of Liberal Arts and Its Position in the Classification of Sciences With an emphasis on Farabi's Perspectives

پرسش از چيستي، نخستين گام در داشتن تصوري صحيح و دقيق از يك علم است و براي تحليل دقيق تر آن علم، شناخت جايگاه، موضوع و غايت آن علم، سه متغير كليدي ديگر به شمار مي روند. علوم انساني كه مجموعه اي از دانش هاي مشخص و معين است، از يك سو متناسب با نيازها و غايات انساني با اراده و آگاهي انسان تحقق مي يابند و در مديريت اجتماعي و سعادت مندي انسان نقشي مستقيم دارند و از سوي ديگر جايگاه و اهميتي بي بديل در جوامع دارد. از اين رو فهم و تحليل چيستي آن با توجه به جايگاه، موضوع و غايت اين علم، مبتني بر بنيان ها و مباني معرفتي اسلام، امري ضروري به نظر مي رسد. در اين نوشتار سعي شده است با تأكيد بر آرا و نظريات فارابي، فيلسوف و انديشمند تأثيرگذار در اين حوزه، با تبيين جايگاه علم انساني در منظومه علوم و نيز تحليل موضوع و غايت آن، تعريفي دقيق از اين علوم ارائه شود.

The first step to have a correct and exact imagination of a science is to ask of its essence and quiddity. In order to have a more exact analysis of a science it is necessary to know its position, subject, and goal. Liberal arts, as a collection of special sciences designed for human education, social management, and achieving some purposes and goals and solutions and finding social needs, has an important position in societies. [Mohajeri: Humanities, which is, from one hand, realized by the will and awareness of human in accordance with human's needs and goals, and from the other hand, has direct influence on the social management and human prosperity and bliss, has a unique position and importance in societies as a set of distinct and definite sciences.] Therefore it is necessary to understand and analyze its essence considering its position, subject and goal based on Islam's cognitive basis and foundations. Explaining the position of liberal arts in the classification of sciences and also analyzing its subject and goal, I will present its exact definition in this article with an emphasis on Farabi's perspectives who is an effective philosopher and scholar in this field.