نقش بحران اقتصادي 1929 آمريكا بر توسعه اقتصاد دولتي در ايران عصر پهلوي اول

The Role of the American Economic Crisis in 1929 on the Development of the State Economy in Iran during the First Pahlavi Era

بحران فراگير مالي 1929 امريكا از طريق كاهش يافتن توليدات صنعتي در كشورهاي پيشرفته به عنوان توليدكنندگان اصلي و نتيجه آن كاهش تقاضاي كشورهاي سرمايه داري جهت مواد اوليه، به جوامع توسعه نيافته انتقال يافت و وقوع اين بحران در ايران نيز دولت و مجلس را به سمت اجراي سياستهايي براي مقابله با آن سوق داد. با اين وصف، مسأله تحقيق حاضر اين پرسش است كه بحران مذكور چگونه باعث توسعه اقتصاد دولتي در ايران عصر پهلوي اول شد؟ روش تحقيق در اين مقاله، مطالعه اسنادي با تأكيد بر تحليل كيفي داده هاي آماري و اسناد گردآوري شده از متغيرهاي اقتصادي ايران در دوران بحران مورد نظر است. نتيجه حاصل از پژوهش حاضر، بيانگر آن است كه حكومت پهلوي اول براي گذار از بحران مالي 1929 ميلادي، با تصويب قوانين انحصاري، در راستاي نظارت كامل بر امور اقتصادي و درآمدزايي، باعث تقويت اقتصاد دولتي در ايران شد.

The decline in industrial manufacturing of advanced countries led to the U.S. Great Depression of 1929 that spilled over to many other countries as well. The capitalist countries, as the main manufacturers, saw a decline in their demand of raw materials purchased from underdeveloped countries. The Depression made the Iranian Government and parliament to adopt measures to grapple with it. At this point, the main Q.S of present research is how did the above-mentioned crisis lead to the development of the state economy in Iran during the first Pahlavi era? The research method in the current study is Documentary, based on the qualitative study of data analysis and gathered documents of Iranian economic variables during the Depression. The result of this research is indicating the measures adopted by the government led to a monopoly and state-controlled economy in Iran for cover financial crisis 1929. The measures increased the authority and control of the government over the economy, ultimately, the economy was totally at the disposal of the government.