بررسي عنصر رواني قتل عمد (بررسي ابعاد حقوقي، كيفري ماده 290 قانون مجازات اسلامي)

A Study on the Mens Rea of Murder (The legal- Criminal Aspects of Article 290 of the Islamic Penal Code)

جرم قتل ازجمله جرايمي است كه در قوانين جزايي بسياري از كشورها با برخورد شديد و مجازات قاطعانه مرتكب همراه شده است براي تحقق جرم قتل وجود سه عنصر قانوني، مادي و رواني همچون ساير جرايم الزامي مي باشد از ميان اين عناصر عنصر رواني از اهميت زيادي برخوردار است زيرا كيفيت تحقق اين عنصر در نوع قتل و ميزان مجازات مجرم تاثير آشكاري گذاشته و مي تواند عنوان مجرمانه قتل عمدي را به غير عمدي و خطاي محض تبديل كند ا. لذا با توجه به اهميت عنصر معنوي در جرم قتل به بررسي ابعاد حقوقي و كيفري ماده 290 قانون مجازات نحوه تاثير گذاري عنصر معنوي به مجازات مرتكب و هم چنين به بررسي رويكرد قانون مجازات اسلامي 1392در خصوص عنصر رواني جرم قتل مي پردازيم.

Murder is one of the crimes treated in the legal rules of many countries by severe punishment of the one who has committed it. Like other crimes, three elements are inevitable in order for murder to take place: the legal element, the physical element and mens rea (criminal intent). Mens rea is particularly important among these three elements, because this element obviously affects the type of killing and the extent to which the offender should be punished, so that it can change a murder which is deliberate into an inadvertent or undeliberate action. Considering the great importance of mens rea in murder, we have dealt in this paper with the legal and criminal aspects of Article 290 of the Islamic Penal Code, the way this element affects the punishment received by one who has committed the crime, and the approach of the Islamic Penal Code adopted in 2013 regarding the mens rea of murder.