بررسي حقوق دفاعي متهم در مرحله تحقيقات مقدماتي در اساسنامه ديوان كيفري بين المللي

Investigating the Defense Rights of the Accused in the Preliminary Investigation Stage in the Statute of the International Criminal Court

متهم فردي است كه فاعل جرم تلقي شده ولي هنوز انتساب جرم به وي ثابت نگرديده است و خواه ناخواه و يا روا يا ناروا، اتهام يا اتهاماتي به او نسبت داده شده است. وظيفه نظام قضايي اين است كه در چنين حالتي هم به حفظ حقوق فردي و هم حقوق اجتماعي بپردازد. از آنجا كه انسان موجودي است زنده به همراه حق لذا بايد حقوق او نيز رعايت گردد و خصوصاً اگر به خاطر مسائلي، در شرايطي ويژه قرار گرفته و متهم به ارتكاب جرم يا جرايمي گردد اينجاست كه نياز به قوانيني احساس مي شود كه به خوبي بتواند حقوق متهم را تضمين كند. سوالي كه در رابطه با حقوق دفاعي متهم مطرح است اين است كه مهمترين مصاديق حقوق دفاعي متهم در مرحله تحقيقات مقدماتي در ديوان كيفري بين المللي كدام است؟ مباني حقوق دفاعي متهم در مرحله تحقيقات مقدماتي در اساسنامه ديوان كيفري بين المللي چيست؟ متهم در مرحله تعقيب و تحقيقات مقدماتي در اساسنامه ديوان كيفري بين المللي از حقوق دفاعي ازجمله حق سكوت، حق برخورداري از وكيل، حق برخورداري از مترجم، حق آگاهي از اتهامات و... برخوردار است؛ كه در اين مقاله با موضوع بررسي حقوق دفاعي متهم در مرحله تحقيقات مقدماتي در اساسنامه ديوان كيفري بين المللي و با روش توصيفي كه براي جمع‌‌آوري اطلاعات مورد نياز پژوهش از شيوه كتابخانه‌اي استفاده شده است، و براي يافتن پاسخ اين سوالات به تجزيه و تحليل مسائل پرداخته ايم. حقوق دفاعي متهم امروزه به عنوان يكي از اصول مهم در محاكمه منصفانه، در اسناد بين المللي و منطقه اي و همچنين قوانين و مقررات كشورها مطرح و مورد حمايت واقع مي گيرد. اين حقوق در اساسنامه ديوان كيفري بين المللي نيز مورد توجه قرار گرفته است.

The accused is a person treated as a doer of crime, but his crime assignment has not demonstrated yet to him and the accusations are attributed to him intentionally or unintentionally legally or illegally. The task of judicial system in this situation is to keep both individual and social rights. Since human is a live creature with his right so, his right should be observed. particularly if he has been in special circumstances and committed a crime due to some problems. It is a time that the requirement of special rules can secure the right of accused person properly. The question has been raised in regard to the defensive right of accused person is, what is the most important implication of defensive rights in preliminary stage of investigation in international panel court? Accused rights defense in the Statute of the International Criminal Court is at the stage of preliminary investigation? Accused person in preliminary stage of prosecution and investigation in panel court status can benefit from defensive rights such as hush money. The right of having attorney and translator and the right of having awareness of his accusations. The research, whit the subject of studying the defensive rights of accused in preliminary stage of accusation in international panel court status, try to answer this question by descriptive and library method in order to collect required research data. So some defensive rights of accused person which is posed and supposed in the court can take into account as following: The right of having attorney defendant and the judicial comradeship, of capturing and heedless arresting, finding the person legitimately. The right of using translator and other right, that is observance and security would be obligatory by people and judicial authorities. Nowadays, defensive rights of accused person have been posed supposed as one of the important principle in fair trials, international and regional documents, and, other countries rule and principles