بررسي نقوش و نمادها در پوشاك ورزش زورخانه اي

The Inspection of the Designs and Symbols on the training Clothes of Zurkhaneh

زورخانه مكاني است كه ارتباط تنگاتنگي با پهلواني دارد و از ايام كهن محلي براي پرورش مرداني بوده است كه در هنگام حمله متجاوزين به كشور در برابر دشمنان ايستادگي نمايند. حضور در زورخانه و شركت در مراسم آن آداب خاصي دارد و اجراي حركات ورزشي توسط پهلوانان مستلزم پوشيدن لباس ويژه‌اي است. اين لباس كه به تنبان يا تنكه معروف است ويژگي‌هاي خاصي دارد و ورزشكاران جهت دريافت آن، بايد سلسله مراتبي را طي كنند. پوشاك ورزش زورخانه‌اي در ايران با وجود سابقه‌اي كهن و باستاني به روشني مورد مطالعه جامع قرار نگرفته است. اين پوشاك معمولاً از پارچه و چرم تهيه مي‌شود و با نقوش سنتي كه ريشه در هنر كهن ايران دارند، تزئين مي شود. غالب‌ترين نقوش تزئيني در آن بته‌جقه است كه در صور گوناگوني ظاهر مي‌گردد و آن‌را نمادي از سرو دانسته‌اند. بته مي‌تواند با حفظ هويت گياه‌گونگي خود در فرم‌هاي ديگري ظاهر گردد كه دستاورد هنر و خلاقيت هنرمندان اعصار مختلف است. اين نقوش ره‌آورد آيين‌ها، اسطوره‌ها و باورهاي مردمان گذشته است كه به صورت نمادين بر روي پوشاك ورزش زورخانه جلوه‌گر مي‌شود.

Zhorkhaneh is a place that has a close relation with heroic and from ancient times it has been a place for training powerful men to fight enemies and protect country from the invasion of offenders. Attending in Zorkhaneh and participating in its ceremonies has special rules of etiquette and performing the athletic exercise by the heroics demands wearing special kinds of sports clothes. This training clothes which is known as” Tonban” or “Tonkeh” have special characteristics and the athletes should pass orders of circumstances to be allowed to wear it. In spite of the fact that the clothes of Zorkhaneh sports in Iran has an ancient and archaic background, but it has not been studied clearly and comprehensively. This clothes always prepared from fabric and leather and decorated from the traditional designs which rooted in ancient art of Iran and contains symbolic designs. The prevalent decorated designs in this clothes is mostly from botanical motifs such as Boteh Jegheh which appears in various forms and types and known as a symbol of cypress tree. Boteh by reserving its herbal essence is able to appear in other shapes and forms which is the consequence of art and creativity of the artists in different ages. The designs are as the results of customs, myths and believes of the past people that comes into the views in training clothes of the Zurkhaneh symbolically. Aims: 1. Studying the Zorkhaneh clothes and its decorations 2. Studying the designs and symbols in Zorkhaneh clothes Questions: 1. What are the components of Zorkhaneh clothing? 2. How is the decorated designs and motifs in Zorkhaneh clothes and what kinds of concepts they represent? The method of collecting matters and data that is used in this research was based on the library, documentary and field study which has been accomplished by descriptivecomparative methods.