بررسي مذهب و مشرب كلامي يعقوب بن اسحاق كندي

A Study of Kalami School of Ya‘qub Ibn Ishaq al-Kindi

«يعقوب بن اسحاق كندي» يكي از چهره‌هاي برجسته علمي جهان اسلام است كه معمولاً بعنوان نخستين فيلسوف اسلامي از او ياد ميشود. كندي براي نخستين بار در جهان اسلامي فلسفه را بعنوان يك علم مستقل مطرح كرد و علاوه بر ترجمه آثار مختلف در اين زمينه به زبان عربي، در جهت معرفي و نشان دادن هماهنگي تفكر عقلي با آموزه‌هاي دين اسلام تلاش فراوان نمود. اگرچه برخي كندي را منتسب به دين يهود يا مسيح دانسته‌اند، اما شواهد و مدارك موجود حاكي از اعتقاد وي به دين اسلام هستند. همچنين درخصوص مشرب كلامي وي آرا متفاوتي وجود دارد؛ برخي او را پيرو ابوحنيفه، برخي شيعه و گروهي او را منتسب به مكتب معتزله دانسته‌اند. با جستجو در شواهد و مدارك موجود درمييابيم كه دلايل اعتقادي و تاريخي متعددي براي نسبت دادن هريك از اين مذاهب به كندي وجود دارد، اما دقت‌نظر در اين دلايل آشكار خواهد كرد كه او پيرو نوع خاصي از تشيع رايج در زمانه خويش با عنوان «تشيع محبي» و همچنين مكتب «معتزله بغداد» بوده است كه تركيب اين دو گرايش، مذهبي را براي او به اثبات ميرساند كه با عنوان «تشيع معتزلي» معرفي شده است.

Ya‘qub Ibn Ishaq al-Kindi is one of the prominent scientific figures of the Islamic world who is usually referred to as the first Islamic philosopher. He was the first to introduce philosophy as an independent field of study in the world of Islam. In addition to translating several philosophical works into Arabic, he made great efforts in order to introduce and reveal the coordination between rational thinking and Islamic teachings. Although some consider al-Kindi to be a follower of Judaism or Christianity, available evidence indicates his belief in Islam. Moreover, there are different ideas regarding his kalami views. Some believe that he was a follower of Abu Hanifah; some view him as a Shi‘ite philosopher, and some consider him to be associated with the Mu‘tazilite school of thought. A study of available proofs demonstrates that there are several religious and historical reasons suggesting his attachment to each of these schools. However, meticulous scrutiny reveals that he followed a particular kind of Shi‘ism which was prevalent in his own time called “Muhibbi Shi‘ism” and the “Mu‘tazilite School of Baghdad”. A synthesis of these two trends demonstrates that he was a believer in a religious school called the Mu‘tazilite Shi‘ism.