كليدواژه :
intellect and religious law (Shar‘) , Kamal al-Din Meybodi , matter and form , حكمت , كمال الدين ميبدي , WISDOM , عقل و شرع , Sufism , ماده و صورت , تصوف
چكيده فارسي :
حسين بن معين الدين ميبدي ملقب به «كمال الدين»، مشهور به «قاضي»، متخلص به «منطقي» از جمله بزرگ زادگان و شخصيتهاي برجسته علمي، ادبي و حكمي ايران زمين است كه در قريه «ميبد» از توابع يزد در قرن نهم هجري پا به عرصه حيات نهاد. وي پس از فراگيري مقدمات مرسوم علوم معقول و منقول زمان خود، در جواني به شيراز رفت و در آنجا به شاگردي دواني درآمد. ميبدي حكيمي است مسلمان، بر مذهب شافعي كه اهل تولّا است، اوج اين تولّا نسبت به اميرالمومنين (ع) و خاندان عصمت و طهارت(ع) تا بدانجاست كه برخي وي را از علماي تشيع دانسته اند. او در زمان حكمراني سلطان يعقوب آق قويونلو، قاضي و متصدي موقوفات يزد و توابع آن گشت. مهمترين آثار معروف وي شرح هدايه الحكمه ابهري و شرح ديوان منسوب به اميرالمومنين(ع) و منشآت است. او در دوران شاه اسماعيل صفوي هنگامي كه محمد كره (حاكم ابرقوه) يزد را تصرف مينمود به سمت وزارت او درآمد و در حدود سالهاي 909 تا 911هـ .ق كه شاه اسماعيل يزد را دوباره به تصرف خويش درمي آورد به دستور وي به قتل رسيد.
ميبدي مسلك اشراقين و متصوفين (عرفا) را برتر از مسلك متكلمان و مشايين ميدانست و طريقه اخير را ـ كه بر پايه دليل و قياس عقلي است ـ طريقه يي داراي شك و شبهه فراوان ميخواند كه قدم عقل در گذر از آنها خسته و درمانده ميشود. اگرچه او بنيانگذار مكتب خاصي همچون ابن سينا و سهروردي و ابن عربي نبوده است، ولي با بيان نقد و بررسيهاي دقيق و اظهار نظرهاي خاص خود در موضوعات مورد بحث از منظر متكلمان و مشايين و اشراقين و عرفا در قالب آثار مستقل و غيرمستقل (شرح و حواشي) توانسته ـ بعنوان حلقه واسط ـ علاوه بر نقش بسزايي كه در تطور حكمت اسلامي و نزديك شدن مشارب مختلف فكري تا زمان خود داشته، الهام بخش صدرالمتالهين شيرازي در ظهور حكمت متعاليه نيز باشد.
چكيده لاتين :
Hossein Ibn Mo‘in al-Din Meybodi, nicknamed Kamal al-Din, known as Qadi, with Mantiqi as his pen-name, is one of the great figures and distinguished scientific, literary, and philosophical characters of the land of Iran. He was born in Meybod in Yazd Province in the ninth century (AH). After learning the common preliminary intellectual and transmitted sciences of his time, he went to Shiraz in his youth and became a student of Dawani. Meybodi is a Muslim philosopher, an advocate of Shafi‘i school of thought, and a man of Tawalla (loving the People of the Prophet’s House). His love of the Commander of the Faithful (a) and the Pure and Infallible Household is so profound that some have considered him to be a Shi‘ite scholar. During the reign of Sultan Y‘aqub Aq Qoyunlu, he was a judge and the custodian of endowments of Yazd and its suburbs. His most important works include Sharh-i hidayah al-hikmah, Sharh-i diwan mansub bi Amir al-mu’minin (a), and Munsha’at. During the reign of Shah Isma‘il Safavi, when Mohammad Karra (ruler of Abarqu) captured the city of Yazd, Meybodi became his minister and, between 909 and 911 AH, when Shah Isma‘il recaptured Yazd, he was murdered on the King’s order. Meybodi believed that Illuminationists and Sufis (gnostics) were superior to theologians and Peripatetics and considered Peripatetic philosophy, which is based on rational deduction and reasoning, an immensely uncertain and ambiguous school which exhausts the intellect in the process of perceiving its fundamental principles. Unlike Ibn Sina, Suhrawardi, and Ibn Arabi, he was not the founder of a specific school of philosophy. However, given his accurate criticisms, investigations, and particular views regarding topics which interested theologians, Peripatetics, gnostics, and Illuminationists in the mould of a number of independent and dependent (commentaries and glosses) works, as a connecting link, he managed not only to play a significant role in developing Islamic philosophy and bringing the different philosophical trends and schools of his time together, but also become a source of inspiration for Mulla Sadra in developing the Transcendent Philosophy.
