چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Nowadays, along with other social and cultural attractions, the geomorphological and climate attraction, curative waters and caves, and water stream have the special importance for economical studies and policy making. Geotourism is a new approach to explain the earth planet and its natural capital. In addition to educational and scientific roles, it can cause to development of regional tourism and offer strategies for sustainable development in the geotourism sites. Geotourism is one of the new area in tourism that follow tourism principles completely and compose of geology, geomorphology, natural landscapes, landforms, stones and minerals with emphasis on processes that create these shapes. This branch of tourism introduce the phenomenon result from geology and geomorphology to tourists by observing the international rules and standards along with keeping the local identity and also arrange and organize this treasure observation and preventing from it’s destroying by human and pave the way for region developing. Therefore, it emphasize on a set of geographical, geology, bio–environmental, cultural and ancient in heritage characterizations and including every part of land surface that relate to better perception of land meaning and it’s history. It is necessary for developing the geotourism of each region to identify the various geotourist attractions such as desert, coastal, volcanic, mountainous regions and it’s development need to programming and cost spending that finally result in developing the region geotourism. This activity, not only have economical, ecological and cultural – social benefits but also provide the employment of extensive range of students in mine, bio–environment , geography, geology areas and etc. Geomorphotourism is an approach that emphasizes on the use of geomorphological and geological features and their ability with a focus on saving these features and forms and sustainable use of them (Reynard, 2008: 226). This approach also places an emphasis on maintaining the geographical identity (Ranjbar, 1388) and referring to relationship between geotrourism and historic - cultural signs and reminders (De Waele and Melis, 2009: 578 ؛Panizza and Piacente, 2008) and also interactions between geomorphology and tourism .That eventually would be related to human activities and the history of the human life..So, geomorphotourism is a combination of tourism goods, services, and foundations that are promoted in the specific region and cultural elements which are related to them (Reynard, 2008: 225).Geomorphosite assessment is an issue that all geographers are interesting to focusing on and developing it (Comanescu et al., 2011: 1164).The various studies have been carried out in internal and world level about estimating the geomarphosites in two past decade and at the present they are doing with evolutional trend. In this research, the capability of landforms result from salty diapirism in developing tourism in Semnan have been estimated. Semnan have been known as a salty tourism pole but unfortunately, there isn’t any research about tourism result from salty diapirism in this city and even Iran.
Materials and methods
Semnan province is located between 51? 51? 51? E and 57? 03? 00? E from prime meridian and 34? 13? 00? N and 37? 20? 00? from Equator. In this study, descriptive - analytical indicators and brilha method are used to analyze the data. Salty Geomorphosites of Semnan Province, with using the satellite image processing and combined with topographical and geological maps identified, then with help of library and field studies, geomorphological Properties of the sites based on brilha method had been studied. The instrument used in this study consists of Digital Elevation Model (DEM), ETM Satellite Images, IRS Images, and Topography Maps in scale of 1:50000 produced by Iran Geographical Organization of the Armed Forces and Geological Maps in the Scale of 1:150000. In the first step 35 cases of the most important attractions of geo-tourism features in the Semnan province was selected then value and criteria according to brilha method determined and then each geomorphosite evaluated. Brilha method is a Quantitive technique to primary evaluation of geomorphosites from the view point of planning and sustainable management of natural heritage sites and turning them into tourist destinations. This method include 4 criteria such as Scientific, Educational, touristic and degredation risk and 37 indicators.
Results and discussion
Landforming is one of the tectonical effects of salty diapiar in large and small scales. Geomorphological landform is a geomorphological event that have scientific, cultural – historical , geology and social – economical values according to human identification. In this research salty capabilities of Semnan province in order to geotourism development evaluated. From the salty landforms finally 35 geomorphosite in the semnan province in order to evaluation, selected. In order to select these features, some criteria such as Representativeness, rarity, integrity and Scientific Knowledge had been considered. Results show that in the Scientific and Educational Criteria, Geomorphosite of southern of Semnan Salty dome get the highest value (3.8, 3.73) and then is placed on the first order, in the touristic criteria, Geomorphosite of Kohdasht Kohan Salty dome get the highest value (3.63) and then is placed on the first order.
Conclusion
In this research , we tried to estimating the capability of salty domes geomorphosite in the Semnan Province from geological and geomorphological point of view by using brilha model. Results show that salty geomorphosites have high scientific, protective and aesthetic values but from the view point of tourism services and foundation are faced to several problems and there isn’t enough facilities in this field. High protection level in this area is not related to administrative and scientific protection but is related to lack of awareness of these geomorphosites and this means that officials and planners in the field of introducing the desert geomorphosites of the Semnan province Limited efforts have been done.
