بررسي تاثير ماده گياهي ماشك گل خوشه اي (.Vicia vilosa Roth) و پروبيوتيك ها بر كاهش آلودگي گل جاليز منشعب (Orobanche ramosa)در گوجه فرنگي (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill)

Evaluating the Effect of Dry Residues Plant Hairy Vetch (Vicia vilosa Roth) And Plant Probiotics on Reducing the Infection of Branched Broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) In Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill)

به منظور بررسي تاثير پروبيوتيك ها و گياه دگر آسيب ماشك گل خوشه اي بر كنترل علف هرز گل جاليز، آزمايشي گلخانه ايبه صورت فاكتوريل بر پايه طرح كاملاً تصادفي با چهار تكراردر گلخانه تحقيقاتي پرديس كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي دانشگاه رازي به اجرا درآمد. هدف از انجام اين آزمايش تعيين حساسيت ارقام مختلف گوجه فرنگي به آلوده شدن توسط گل جاليز در حضور ماده دگرآسيب ماشك گل خوشه اي و تعيين تاثير پروبيوتيك هاي گياهي بر كنترل گل جاليز بود. تيمارهاي آزمايشي شامل استفاده از ارقام مختلف گوجه فرنگي شامل كارون، ارس، سوپراسترين بي و سيوند، ماده خشك گياه دگرآسيب ماشك گل خوشه اي، جدايه هاي باكتري شامل (INR7) Bacillus pumilis، (P2) Bacillus megateriumو (E11)Bacillus licheniformis بودند. نتايج نشان داد كه رقم سيوند حساس ترين نسبت به آلودگي گل جاليز بود. اين درحالي بود كه رقم كارون بيشترين تحمل را به گل جاليز داشت. افزودن ماده دگرآسيب ماشك گل خوشه اي تاثير بسيار خوبي بر افزايش وزن گوجه فرنگي داشت. كاربرد جدايه INR7تاثير مثبتي بر كاهش آلودگي گل جاليز داشت. درحالي كه جدايه P2 علاوه بر افزايش وزن، سبب افزايش تعداد ميوه گوجه فرنگي شد. در همه ارقام گوجه فرنگي افزودن ماده دگرآسيب ماشك گل خوشه اي تاثير مثبتي بر كاهش گل جاليز داشت؛ به طوري كه كاهش 100 درصدي جمعيت گل جاليز به دنبال داشت. استفاده از پروبيوتيك ها (به ويژه نوع INR7) موجب كاهش جمعيت گل جاليز شد.

Background and Objectives: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill) is one the most important economic crop in the world and Iran. Broomrape is the main constrain of tomato production. Some Orobanche species such as O.cumana or O. crenata are specialist in parasites of a small group of genera or species، while others have a much broader spectrum of hosts as is the case of O. ramosa. The available control methods have not proven to be as effective، economical and applicable as desired; thus، the only way to cope with the weedy root parasites is through an integrated approach، employing a variety of measures like resistant cultivars، plant probiotics and allelopathic plants in a concerted manner. Materials and methods: Hence the aim this study was to determining the susceptibility of various cultivars of tomato to infection by O. ramosa and effect of allelopathic hairy vetch and plant probiotics on reducing the O. ramosa invasion. Greenhouse experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources، Razi University، Kermanshah، Iran in 2016. Treatments were different tomato cultivars including Karoon، Aras، Super strain-B and Sivand، allelopathic hairy vetch cluster، bacteria isolates، including INR7، P2، and E11. The soil of each pot was contaminated with 20 mg seed of O. ramosa. At the termination of the experiment، the number and weight of tomato fruits، dry weight of roots and aerials parts of tomato plants were recorded. Results: Our results showed that although the Sivand was the most susceptible cultivar to O. ramosa infection، Karoon cultivar had the highest to levace to branched broomrape. Results of present study revealed that broomrape biomass was positively correlated to decreased tomato biomass. The presence of allelopathic plant hairy vetch increased tomato weight in presence of branched broomrape. The use of probiotic P2 increased the number and weight of tomato in the presence of O. ramosa، while it had no effect on infection of O. ramosa. However، only INR7 probiotic had some inhibitory effect on branched broomrape infection. Discussion: Totally hairy vetch had a significant effect on reducing of O. ramosa infection (up to 100% control). Based on these results، it could be concluded that plant probiotics only increase tomato yield without any dirrectly effect to broomrape residues of hairy vetch probably by releasing allelochemical redused orobanche germination infection