واكاوي مستندات مسئوليت قانوني مبتني بر تقصير قاضي

Examination of the Evidence of Legal esponsibility Based on Judge’s Fault

در نظام قضايي دين مبين اسلام هدف از قضا، تامين امنيت مالي، جاني و نواميس مردم مي باشد كه بي شكّ از اهميّت ويژه اي برخوردار بوده و حاكي از حساسيت منصب قضاوت است. گاه به دنبال تصميمات نابحق مبتني بر تقصير قاضي، خساراتي بر اشخاص وارد مي شود كه در اين صورت قاضي، مسئول پرداخت ضرر و زيان ناشي از تقصير حرفه اي خود شناخته مي شود. با عنايت به اين كه قضات داراي مصونيت مطلق نيستند لذا مهم ترين پرسش هايي كه در اين راستا مطرح مي شود اين است كه دليل مشروعيّت مسئوليّت مدني و كيفري قاضي چيست؟ چرا زيان ديده، حقّ دريافت خسارت داشته و مي تواند قاضي را به پرداخت خسارت الزام كند؟ بررسي دلايل شرعي از قبيل آيات قرآني، روايات و قواعد موجود در منابع معتبر فقهي و نيز منابع حقوقي، حاكي از پذيرش مسئوليّت مدني و كيفري مبتني بر تقصير قاضي است و در مواردي كه تصميمات قضايي مبتني بر تقصير آنها منجر به هرگونه ضرر مالي، بدني و حيثيّتي براي اشخاص شود در برابر زيان ديده مسئول شناخته مي شوند.

In the judicial system of Islam, the aim of the judgment is to provide financial, physical and reputation security to the people, which is undoubtedly of particular importance, indicating the sensitivity of the office of judgment. Occasionally, following wrong judgments based on judge’s fault, individuals suffer damages, in which case the judge will be liable for the loss caused by his professional fault. Given that judges do not have absolute immunity, the most important questions that rise in this regard is what is the reason for the legitimacy of the judge's civil and criminal liability? Why is it that the damaged party is entitled to damages, and whether such party may require a judge to pay damages? Examining religious reasons, such as Quranic verses, hadiths and rules in valid jurisprudential sources as well as legal sources, implies acceptance of civil and criminal liability based on the fault of the judge and in cases where their judgments based on their fault lead to any financial, physical and dignity damages to the individuals, they are held responsible to the damaged party.