بررسي ويژگي‌هاي روان‌شناختي كارآفرينانه هنرجويان هنرستان‌ كشاورزي با تاكيد بر رويكرد ويژگي‌ها (مورد مطالعه شهرستان شوشتر)

Studying the Entrepreneurial Psychological Characteristics of Students in Agricultural Conservation School with Emphasis on Feature Approach (Case study of Shoushtar city)

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي روان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ ي ﻫﻨﺮﺟﻮﯾﺎن ﻫﻨﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺸﺎورزي واﻗﻊ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻮﺷﺘﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ي آﻣﺎري 70 ﻧﻔﺮي از ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ي 136 ﻧﻔﺮي ﻫﻨﺮﺟﻮﯾﺎن ﺳﺎل ﺳﻮم ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ي ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ در ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﻟﯿﮑﺮت ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ در ﺷﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ: ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﺑﻬﺎم، ﺗﻮﻓﯿﻖ ﻃﻠﺒﯽ، رﯾﺴﮏ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي، ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ، ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل دروﻧﯽ و اﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﻃﻠﺒﯽ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷﺪ. رواﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻋﻀﺎي ﻫﯿﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ راﻣﯿﻦ ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن، ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ، 84 درﺻﺪ ﺑﺮآورد ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ روﺣﯿﻪ ي ﺗﻮﻓﯿﻖ ﻃﻠﺒﯽ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮ ﻫﻨﺮﺟﻮﯾﺎن و ﭘﺲ از آن، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﺑﻬﺎم و اﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﻃﻠﺒﯽ در آن ﻫﺎ، ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ روﺣﯿﻪ ي ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل دروﻧﯽ در ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و رو ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ وﻟﯽ ﺧﻼﻗﯿﺖ در اﮐﺜﺮ ﻫﻨﺮﺟﻮﯾﺎن، در ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و رو ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ي ﮐﺎري ﺑﺎ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ؛ اﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي: اﺷﺘﻐﺎل ﺣﯿﻦ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ و رﯾﺴﮏ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي، ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل دروﻧﯽ و رﺿﺎﯾﺖ از ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎر ﺑﺎ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل 95 درﺻﺪ راﺑﻄﻪ ي آﻣﺎري ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري وﺟﻮد دارد.

The present study was carried out to investigate the entrepreneurial psychological characteristics of students in agricultural conservancy in Shoushtar. The research method was descriptive of survey type and correlation. To this end, a sample of 70 people from a community of 136 students in third grade was selected by random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was a Likert scale that was prepared on six levels: tolerance of ambiguity, success rate, risk taking, creativity tendency, internal control center, and independence. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the faculty members of Ramin Khuzestan University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, and its reliability was calculated by calculating by Cronbach's alpha coefficient 84%. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the study showed that the morale of the students was more than the students and then the degree of tolerance of ambiguity and independence in them was relatively high. Also, the spirit of the internal control center was moderate and upward, but creativity was moderate and downward for most students. The results also showed that work history is not related to entrepreneurial characteristics, but there is a significant statistical relationship between variables: employment during study and risk taking, internal control center and business satisfaction with 95% probability.