نقش شيوخ اورامان در تحولات سياسي تاريخ معاصر، با تكيه بر جنگ جهاني اول

The Role of the Ouraman Sheikhs in the Political Developments of the Contemporary History, Based on World War I

خاستگاه نقشبنديه، ماوراءالنهر و خراسان بود و از اين مراكز به ساير مناطق، از جمله كردستان نفوذ پيدا كرد؛ كه اين مهم در كردستان توسط مولانا خالد شهرزوري بود. چرايي و چگونگي نفوذ شيوخ اورامان بين مردم و نقش آنها در تحولات سياسي قرن بيستم مسئلة محوري اين پژوهش مي‌باشد. مشايخ و بزرگان طريقت‌ها در كردستان به ويژه نقشبنديه، به واسطة حمايت و پشتيباني مردم از آنها و همچنين با حذف حكومت‌هاي محلي، در راستاي افزايش نفوذ و اعتبار سياسي و اجتماعي در عرصه‌هاي گوناگون بودند. نفوذ سياسي شيوخ اورامان در دوران قاجار و به خصوص در زمان مشروطه و پس از آن افزايش يافت. با وقوع جنگ جهاني اول فرمان جهاد در مقابل روس و انگليس صادر كردند و با جذب مريدان و پيروان بيشتر آنان را به جنگ تشويق نمودند. به طور كلي فعاليت سياسي طريقت نقشبنديه به خصوص شيوخ اورامان در دورة قاجاريه به بالاترين سطح خود رسيده بود.

The origin of the Naghshbandiyeh was Transoxiana and Khorasan and from these centers found its way into other regions, including Kurdistan province which this important measure was taken by Mawlana Khaled Shahrzouri. Why and how the Ouraman sheikhs (sufi authorities) influenced among the public and their role in the political developments of the 20th century AD. is the focus of the present study. The sheikhs and dignitaries of the sufi sects in Kurdistan, particularly Naghshbandiyeh, due to the people’s support as well as through removing the local rules power were in line with increasing their political social influence in various fields. The political influence of the Ouraman sheikhs during the Qajar period, especially during and after the Constitutional Revolution was increased. With the outbreak of World War I, they issued order for jihad against the Russians and the United Kingdom, and they were encouraged to fight against the two aforesaid governments by the recruiting of disciples and followers. Generally speaking, the political activity of the Naghshbandi sect, particularly the Ouraman sheikhs reached its zenith during the Qajar era.