از طبرستان تا مازندران؛ تأملي بر دگرگوني مفهومي و جغرافيايي طبرستان از آغاز تا قرن هشتم هجري

From Tabarestan to Mazandaran; A Deliberation on Tabarestan’s Conceptual and Geographical Transformation From theBeginning Up to the 8th Century (1304-1320)

سرزمين طبرستان از جمله مناطقي است كه وجه تسميه و حدود جغرافيايي آن مورد مناقشه بسياري بوده است. اين عنوان به طور رسمي در دوران قبل از اسلام و بخشي از دوران اسلامي (تا پايان سده هشتم هجري) كاربرد عام داشته است. از اين زمان به عللي نه چندان مشخص جاي آن را كلمه مازندران گرفت. دگرگوني در نام و نشان اين منطقه راهبردي از حيث اهميت تاريخ و هويت محلي مسئله مهمي است كه هدف نوشتار حاضر قلمداد مي شود. اين نوشتار با رويكرد توصيفي ـ تحليلي، ضمن توجه به پيشينه طبرستان و ماهيت سياسي، فرهنگي و اجتماعي آن، جايگزيني عنوان مازندران را براي حدود جغرافيايي مورد نظر بررسي مي كند. حاصل تحقيقات نشان مي دهد كه وجه تسميه طبرستان با ساكنان حاضر در آن و نام گذاري مازندران با ويژگي هاي جغرافيايي آن تناسب بيشتري داشته است. گستره سياسي اين محدوده جغرافيايي به ويژه در دوره اسلامي نيز، بنابر عللي همچون رقابت هاي خانداني، درگيري هاي داخلي و توسعه طلبي حكام، در نوسان بوده است.

The land of Tabarestan is one of the areas that its appellation and geographical bounderies have been the subject of controversy. This title of formaly was used commonly through pre- Islamic period and part of the Islamic era (until the end of 8th century AH). From this time on, it was replaced by the word ‘Mazandaran’, due to unclear reasons. The change in the name and sign of this strategic area is important for the purpose of this paper in terms of the importance of history and local identity. Mazandaran which for long time was used along with Tabarestan took its place instead .Changes for the name of this strategic region in terms of history importance and local identity is an important question that this essay is considered. This article is done by a descriptive – analytical approach, and considering to the history of Tabarestan and its political, cultural, and social nature study the replacement of Mazandaran title for geographical proximity of the case. Research results show that the Tabarestan appellation is more compatible with its current inhabitants than Mazandaran name with its geographical features. The political range of this geographical area, particularly during the Islamic period, has fluctuated, due to the reasons such as family rivalries, internal conflicts, and the expansionism of the rulers.