كليدواژه :
موسيلاژ , فاكتور تورم , شاخص برداشت , چاي كمپوست , اسپد
چكيده فارسي :
يكي از راهكارهاي مناسب براي بهبود كيفيت محصولات كشاورزي به كارگيري كودهاي آلي در توليد محصولات مي باشد. بر اين اساس به منظور بررسي تاثير كاربرد كود ورمي كمپوست و محلول پاشي چاي كمپوست و اسيد هيوميك بر عملكرد، اجزاي عملكرد در گياه اسفرزه (Plantago ovata L.) آزمايشي به صورت فاكتوريل در قالب طرح بلوك كامل تصادفي در سه تكرار در مزرعه تحقيقاتي دانشگاه ولي عصر (عج) رفسنجان در سال 1392 انجام شد. تيمارها شامل كاربرد ورمي كمپوست (صفر، 4، 8، 12 و 16 تن در هكتار) به عنوان فاكتور اول و محلول پاشي (آب مقطر به عنوان شاهد، چاي كمپوست و اسيد هيوميك) به عنوان فاكتور دوم بود. نتايج نشان داد كاربرد ورمي كمپوست تاثير معني داري بر سطح برگ، وزن خشك اندام هوايي، تعداد سنبله، شاخص برداشت، عملكرد موسيلاژ و عملكرد دانه داشت. به طوري كه بيشترين عملكرد دانه (45/9 گرم در متر مربع) از تيمار 16 تن در هكتار ورمي كمپوست به دست آمد كه اختلاف معني داري با تيمار 8 و 12 تن در هكتار ورمي كمپوست نداشت و كمترين آن از شاهد (33/7 گرم در متر-مربع) به دست آمد. همچنين محلول پاشي چاي كمپوست عدد اسپد، سطح برگ، وزن خشك اندام هوايي، تعداد سنبله، تعداد دانه و عملكرد موسيلاژ را به طور معني داري افزايش داد و بيشترين عملكرد دانه (44/6 گرم در متر مربع) نيز از محلول پاشي چاي كمپوست به دست آمد. در مجموع از لحاظ اقتصادي، كاربرد كود زيستي ورمي كمپوست به ميزان هشت تن در هكتار و محلول پاشي چاي كمپوست براي افزايش عملكرد دانه و اجزاي آن در گياه اسفرزه مناسب به نظر مي رسد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Vermi-compost is the ability of some species of earthworms to consume and break down a wide range of
organic residues such as sewage sludge, animal wastes, crop residues and industrial refuse. Vermi-composts are
usually more stable than their parent materials with increased availability of nutrients and improved
physicochemical and microbiological properties. Aerial compost tea contains high populations of live
microorganism consisting of rhizobactria, trichoderma and pseudomonas species which increase the growth and
yield of the plant. Acid humic is the main humic substance and the important ingredient of soil organic matter
(humus) which causes increase of yield and quality of crop. The aim of this research is evaluating the effect of
vermi-compost and foliar application of compost tea and acid humic on yield, yield component and mucilage
content of isabgol. Vermiwash as the extract of vermi-compost is liquid organic fertilizer obtained from unit of
vermiculture and vermi-compost as drainage. It is used as a foliar spraying on the leaf. Vermiwash stimulate and
increase the yield of crop products and foliar application of vermiwash can be caused of plant resistance to
different factors and can prevent leaf necrosis.
Material and Methods
In order to study the effect of vermi-compost and foliar application of tea compost and acid humic on growth
indices of isabgol (Plantago ovata), an experiment was conducted as a factorial based on complete randomized
design with three replications in agricultural research farm at Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan. Treatments
were included application of vermi-compost (0 (control), 4, 8, 12 and 16 t.ha-1) and 3 levels of foliar application
(distilled water as control, acid humic and compost tea). Samples for evaluating of yield, yield components and
mucilage content were taken from 1 m2 area of each treatment. Tea compost solution prepared using mix of
vermi-compost, acid humic, yeast and alga extract which were soaked in water for 24 hours under aerated
condition using air pump. For preparation of tea compost, 500 g of vermi-compost, 25 cc humic acid, 5 g yeast,
25 cc seaweed extract, 25 cc sugar beet molasses were hanging in a fine lace fabric in 50-liter plastic water
container for 24 hours while the air was flowing to container and the liquid extract separated as compost tea with
fine lace fabric.
Results and Discussion
Analyze of variance showed that the effect of different levels of vermi-compost and foliar application on the
spike number, mucilage yield and seed yield were significant but their interaction have no significant effect.
Seed number, mucilage percent and SPAD number significantly affected by foliar application treatments but the
vermi-compost treatments and their interactions had no significant effect on them. Also different levels of vermicompost,
foliar application and their interaction have significantly effect on leaf area and dry weight. Vermicompost
have available plant nutrient solution which increase leaf area indices compared with none use vermicompost
treatment. Arancon et al. (2004) reported that using 5 and 10 t.ha-1 vermi-compost significantly
increased leaf area and shoot dry matter in strawberry Conclusion
The results of this research showed that the highest dry weight, spike number, harvest index, mucilage yield
and seed yield observed in 16 t.ha-1 application of vermi-compost whit no significant difference related to 8 and
12 t.ha-1 vermi-compost. It is also resulted that foliar application of tea compost significantly affected SPAD,
leaf area, shoot dry weight, spike number, seed and mucilage yield. Totally, it seems that using biological
fertilizer (vermi-compost) in amount of 8 t.ha-1 with foliar application of tea compost economically would be
suitable for increasing seed yield and yield component of isabgol.
