پديد آورندگان :
كريمي، عليرضا , بهدائي، محمدعلي دانشگاه بيرجند - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات و علوم خاك , فتحي، محمدحسن دانشگاه بيرجند - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم دامي , اسلامي، وحيد دانشگاه بيرجند - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم دامي
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Optimum growth and acceptable quality of safflower requires sufficient and balanced amount of micro- and
macronutrients in the soil. The macronutrients in soil include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be
provided by organic such as vermicompost. Sulfur (S) also is a most important macro-nutrient that mainly
involved in the production of the protein, oil and improve the quality of crops. The most important
micronutrients include boron (B) and zinc (Zn) are essential for optimal growth and quality of plants. Boron is
vital element for normal growth and its deficiency causes stunted growth and reduced quality. Zinc plays an
important role in various biochemical processes of plants, so that each secondary factor that reduce availability
of this element to plants causes deficiency symptoms in various forms such as reduced growth, yield and zinc
concentration in different plants organ such as grain . Integrated application of vermicompost and additional
fertilizers positively interact to increase plant growth and forage quality. Safflower is one of the most important
oil crops in Iran, which in some cases could also have industrial or forage applications. In addition to oil
purpose, safflower has also potential for forage production for livestock.
Material and Methods
The current study was carried out in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design
(RCBD) with three replications in two areas in Kerman Province. The treatments included two vermicompost
levels: 0 and 6 t.ha-1 and 12 additional fertilizers combinations: no additional fertilizers use, 100 kg.ha-1 sulfur
(S1), 200 kg.ha-1 sulfur (S2), 3 ml.L-1 zinc (Zn), 2 ml.L-1 boron (B), 100 kg.ha-1 sulfur + zinc (S1Zn), 100 kg.ha-1
sulfur + boron (S1B), 200 kg.ha-1 sulfur + zinc (S2Zn), 200 kg.ha-1 sulfur + boron (S2B), zinc + boron (ZnB), 100
kg.ha-1 sulfur + zinc + boron (S1ZnB) and 200 kg.ha-1 sulfur + zinc + boron (S2ZnB). Sulphur was used as
granulated fertilizers in soil applied form, while zinc and boron were applied as foliar spraying in solutions with
35% and 22% purity, respectively. The measured traits included dry matter, ash, calcium, crude protein, ether
extract, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF).
Results and Discussion
This study results, showed that the effects of location and additional fertilizers were significant on all
measured traits, while vermicompost had significant effect on dry matter, ash, calcium and crude protein. In the
other hand, interactions of location -vermicompost and location -vermicompost-additional fertilizers
interactions significantly affected forage dry matter and extract ether. The results showed that vermicompost
application increased dry matter yield (37.2%) and amount of ash (29.9%), calcium (20.8%) and crude protein
(32%), but, had no significant effect on ether extract and acid detergent fibers and neutral detergent fibers.
Additional fertilizers had positive and significant effect on all measured traits, so that plants treated with
additional fertilizers, especially with combined application had more yield and amount of ash, calcium, crude
protein, ether extract, however had lower acid detergent fibers and neutral detergent fibers. Usually there is a
negative relation between ADF and NDF with crude protein. Dry matter digestibility means lower ADF and
NDF in forage resulting in a better quality. For example, dry matter of plant in the treatment of no additional fertilizer use was less than S2ZnB by 46.1%. Additional fertilizers such as sulfur, zinc, and boron are among the
major factors affecting crop quality, therefore, the researchers recommend that the additional fertilizers are
also added to the basic fertilizers (N, P and K) (Altaf et al., 2000). Response of safflower to vermicompost and
additional fertilizers was more in Kerman compared with Bardsir. In addition to climatic conditions, better soil
properties in Kerman might be a probability reason. It could be concluded that safflower forage quality,
especially in Kerman was equal to quality of forage plants such as maize, sorghum and millet.
Conclusion
In general, the results of this study implies an increase in dry matter yield and forage quality of safflower as
affected by combined application of vermicompost with 100 kg.ha-1 sulphur soil applied and foliar application
of zinc and boron.
