مطالعه تطبيقي آثار انسان شناختي سوبژكتيويسم و وجود تعلقي صدرايي

A Comparative Study of Anthropological Works of Subjectivism and Sadrian Belonging Existence

با تأمل در فلسفۀ ملاصدرا مي‌توان دريافت كه انسان موجودي است داراي استعدادهاي نامحدود كه با به فعليت رسيدن در اين عالم معنا پيدا مي‌كند و چون به عنوان موجودي محدود تعلق وجودي به وجود لايتناهي دارد، تلاش مي‌كند وجود خود را تحقق و معنا بخشد. لذا باتوجه به وجود تعلقي انسان و نقش عالم در معنا بخشي به وجود او، مي‌توان به نسبت انسان با عالم و حركت به سوي حق‌تعالي كه غايت همۀ حركت هاي اوست، پي برد. اما وقتي دكارت «من» را در جايگاه «سوژه» و عالم را به عنوان«ابژه» در برابر آن بنا نهاد، «سوبژكتيويسم» و تقابل بين انسان با عالم به عنوان يكي از مهم‌ترين آثار آن در فلسفۀ غرب پديد آمد. در اين مقاله هدف تبيين نسبت انسان و عالم است با التفات به حيثيت وجود تعلقي او در فلسفۀ صدرايي در مقابل ثنويت انسان و عالم كه از آثار اجتناب ناپذير «سوبژكتيويسم» است و بالاخره رسيدن به اينكه تعلق و وابستگي انسان به خداوند در حركت جوهري و به تبع آن فقر جوهري است كه انسان صدرايي را از سوبژكتيويسم و هر نوع تفكر خودبنيادي امتياز مي‌بخشد.

Reflection on Mulla Sadra's philosophy helps us to find out that man has unlimited capacities which take on meaning in the world through realization. Since man as a limited being is existentially dependent upon infinite being, he tries to realize his existence and make a meaning for it. Therefore, we can understand the relationship between man and the world and his motion toward the Most High God, which is final end of all his motions, by taking into consideration man's belonging existence and the role of the world in making a meaning for his existence. However, "subjectivism" and confrontation between man and the world as one of its most important outcomes in western philosophy was developed as the result of Descartes's use of "self" as "subject" and "the world" as "object". The aim of present paper is to elaborate on the relationship between man and the world, given his mode of belonging existence in Sadrian philosophy contrasted with duality of man and the world which is an inevitable result of "subjectivism". Finally, it concludes that man's attachment and belonging to God in substantial motion and consequently his essential poverty is the factor that makes Sadrian man superior to the man in subjectivism and any kind of subjectivist thought.