رهبر شايسته براي مدينه فاضله (براساس علم النفس ملا صدرا)

(Qualified Leader for Utopia (In respect with Molla Sadra's Selfknowledge

وجود حاكم، يك ضرورت عقلي است و در جامعه اي با هويت اسلامي علم و تقوا و عدالت مهمترين ويژگي او خواهد بود. قران كريم، ولايه را امري تشكيكي دانسته كه از ولايه الله شروع و در مرتبه نازل تر ولايه الرسول وسپس ولايه الامام و در بيان امامان هدي(س) ولايه فقيه حجت كامل ايشان بر خلق معرفي شده است. سوال اين است كه حقيقت اين ولايت چيست كه با سرياني تشكيكي از ولايت حقه حقيقيه شروع و به ولايت مومنان ختم مي گردد؟براي پاسخ بايد «خليفه الله » را شناخت كه هم صبغه الهي دارد و هم جنبه ناسوتي و اين مهم ضرورت شناخت لايه هاي عميق وجودي انسان را مضاعف نموده است. با شروع انديشه و حكمت يعني از آغاز خلقت انسان، مساله علم النفس مورد التفات حكيمان بوده و حكيم ملاصدرا همچون ساير تعمق ها و نو آوري هاي خود مباني رصين حكمت متعاليه را در ساحت علم النفس جاري ساخته و مبتني بر وحي و كشف به معرفي ويژگي نفس شايسته راهبري اقدام نموده است. از ديدگاه او جامعه، مجموعه نفوس بشري و ظرف تكامل نفس انساني است و بين اولويت هاي تربيتي و مراتب تكويني نفس و بين اولويت هاي تربيتي و سياسي جامعه تناظر وجود دارد؛ وي اصول حكمت متعاليه از جمله اصالت و تشكيك در وجود و نيز تساوق بين خير و وجود را هم در تبيين حقيقت نفس و هم حقيقت جامعه جاري ساخته،بر پايه آن كمال جامعه را در پيروي از فضايل در جهت ساختن مدينه فاضله دانسته كه «حكيم متاله» همچون قلب به آن جامعه روح و نشاط مي دهد و با صلابت و از نفوذ رذايل اخلاقي در كالبد اجتماع جلوگيري مي كند. بنابر اين صلاحيت رهبري مدينه فاضله بر اساس تكامل نفس راهبر اوست. اين نوشته حاصل تحقيق و مطالعه در آثار مختلف ملاصدرا و استنباط آثار اجتماعي سياسي انديشه اوست.

Existance of a governer is a rational necessity and virtue and justice is it's most important characterisity in a society with Islamic identity. Holy Quran gradated headship from topmost God's headship to downward prophet's headship and then Imam's headship and in Imam's expenation Faqih's headship introduced as their complete reason for people. The question is what is the fact of headship with graded flow that begins from the real God's headship and ends to believer's headship? To answer this Question should be recognized God's successor that have divine aspect and mundane, and this makes importat understanding the deep human's existance layer. Since human being's creation with beginning of thought and wisdom, philosophers remarked the selfknowledge's issue and philosoper Mollasadra structured selfknowledge realm with his firm transcendent wisdom foundations like his other solicitude and innovation and based on revelation and intuition introduced characteristics of qualified leadership oneslef. Society by his approach is a set of human being oneselfs and is a position for human being's oneself's evolution and there is correspondence between educative and political society priorities; He also constructed transcendent wisdom principals like originality and gradation in existance and between symmetry good and existance to explain the fact of oneself and fact of society, and according to that known as maturity of society in following of excellence to construct utopia that wisdom Theologi@n gave sprit and exhilaration to that society like heart and strongly stand against moral vices to influence society's framework. Thus qualification the leadership of utopia is it's leader based on human being's evolution. This paper is result of research and studying in different Mollasadra's work and deduction of his thought in his social and political works