طوس زرينه كفش

Tus, the golden footed

سپهسالار زرّينه كفش، طوس نوذر، ازشاه­ زادگان رنج­ديدۀ كهن نامۀ باستان است كه عمري كمر به خدمت شاهان بلند­آوازۀ كياني چون كي­ كاووس و كي­ خسرو مي­ بندد. او كه از خاندان بزرگ نوذري و از جاودانان دين زردشتي است، در روز رستاخيز به ياري سوشيانس برمي ­خيزد و آغازگر جنگ آخرالزّمان است. از ميان يك­صدوپنجاه پهلوان و شاه و شخصيّت گوناگونِ نيمۀ نخست شاهنامه، اگرچه طوس از پهلوانان جريان­ ساز و اصلي و در مركز نهاد شاهي­ پهلواني قراردارد، به دليل تنوّع خصلت­ ها و كنش ­هاي شخصّيتيش، كم­تر مورد تحقيق پژوهش­ گران قرار گرفته و غالباً به عنوان چهره­اي تندخو، كم ­خرد و خود­پسند معرّفي شده است. در اين جستار مي­كوشيم ضمن اشاره به تاريخچه و معاني لقب «زرّينه­ كفش» با نگاهي گذرا به هستي ­شناسي اسطور ه­اي طوس در اوستا و متن ­هاي پهلوي و سير هستي او در حماسۀ ملّي، تفاوت­ها و تضادهاي شخصّيت اساطيري و حماسي، سپهسالار زرّينه ­كفش دورۀ پهلواني حماسۀ ملّي ايران، بيش از پيش بررسي شود تا از اين ره­ گذر، شناختي تازه ­تر از او بدست داده شود.

The commander in chief, Tus Nozar is one of those afflicted princes in the ancient book who had served prominent kianid kings such as Kay Kavus and Kay Khosrow for good many years. Tus is of the great clan of Nozar and is an eternal character in Zoroaster religion. On the day of resurrection, he comes to assist sushians and it is him who starts the apocalypse. Among the hundred and fifty champions and kings and various characters in the first half of Shahnameh, he had often been introduced as an arrogant, unwise and egotistic character therefore because of his unpleasant characteristics he had been less studied by researchers despite his central leading role in the Persian army as chieftain and a great warrior serving the royal court. Attempt is made in this article to briefly refer to the history of the golden footedness and to provide the meanings of this epithet according to Tus’s mythic ontology in Avesta and Pahlavi texts. His role in Persian national epic, discrepancies and contradictions between the mythic and epic character of Tus, the commander in chief in heroic era is further examined in order to shed more light on this character.