بررسي تناسبات و نظام پيمون در معماري دوره ماد : مطالعه موردي محوطه نوشيجان

The Study of Proportion and Module in Median Architecture : case study the Median Site of Nushijan

پيمون و تناسبات معماري جايگاه ويژه‌اي در مطالعات معماري دارد كه متأسفانه در معماري ايران آن‌گونه كه شايسته است، بدان پرداخته‌ نشده است. اين وضعيت در زمينه دوره تاريخي ايران بسيار پررنگ‌تر است. دوره ماد به‌عنوان يكي از دوره‌هاي مهم تاريخي ايران، منشأ شيوه‌ها و طرح‌هاي جديدي در معماري است كه تاكنون در مورد تناسبات و نظام پيمون آن پژوهشي انجام نگرفته و ابهامات اساسي در خصوص اين بخش از معماري ماد وجود دارد. پژوهش حاضر در اين راستا طراحي و اجرا شده و تلاش دارد پيمون و تناسبات مورد استفاده در اين دوره را شناسايي كند. از ميان بقاياي معماري دوره ماد، محوطه نوشيجان به دليل ماندگاري بي‌نظير خود، زمينه بسيار مناسب‌تري براي مطالعات معماري اين دوره فراهم مي‌سازد، لذا مبناي اصلي پژوهش قرارگرفته و ديگر بقاياي معماري اين دوره بر اساس آن سنجيده شده است. در پژوهش حاضر بعد از مطالعه ميداني و اندازه‌گيري‌هاي دقيق و بررسي گزارش كاوش و مدارك موجود، به بررسي تناسبات و نظام پيمون با استفاده از نرم‌افزار اتوكد و متلب Matlab و تحليل آماري پرداخته‌شده است. نتايج به‌ دست‌ آمده نشان مي‌دهد كه نسبت‌هاي مشخصي بين طول و عرض بناها و بخش‌هاي مختلف آن‌ها وجود دارد. مثلاً نسبت طول به عرض انبارهاي نوشيجان قابل‌مقايسه با انبارهاي تل قبه است و ميانگين نسبت آن‌ها 5/02 است. همچنين به نظر مي‌رسد در معماري ماد از پيمون خاصي استفاده‌شده كه در بناهاي اصلي محوطه نوشيجان (قلعه، معبد مركزي و معبد غربي قديمي) ديده مي‌شود و معادل 20 سانتي‌متر است. نتايج به‌ دست‌ آمده نشان مي‌دهد كه نسبت‌هاي مشخصي بين طول و عرض بناها و بخش‌هاي مختلف آن‌ها وجود دارد. مثلاً نسبت طول به عرض انبارهاي نوشيجان قابل‌مقايسه با انبارهاي تل قبه است و ميانگين نسبت آن‌ها 5/02 است. همچنين به نظر مي‌رسد در معماري ماد از پيمون خاصي استفاده‌شده كه در بناهاي اصلي محوطه نوشيجان (قلعه، معبد مركزي و معبد غربي قديمي) ديده مي‌شود و معادل 20 سانتي‌متر است.

Module and proportions are substantially important in architecture, however: the studies of them do not meet one’s expectations in Iranian architecture. This issue is more noteworthy in Iran’s historical architecture. Median era is one of the most significantly important periods in Iran that caused new architectural designs and techniques to flourish. Nevertheless, few surveys have been conducted on the Module and proportions of this era which results in many ambiguities in this case. This paper attempts to discover the median modules and proportions. The well reserved architecture of Nushijan among other Median sites makes it a proper case for this research and it is also a suitable reference for comparing other Median sites. After conducting the field study, measuring the dimensions precisely and studying the excavation reports and evidences, the measurements were studied by AutoCAD and Matlab. Then the result was checked through statistical analysis. The results show a specific relation between the ratios of the length and the width of different structures. For instance the ratio of Nushijan length and width are similar to the ratio of Tell-Quba which is 5.02 on average. In addition, it seems that the median architecture followed a certain module of 20 cm which is observed in the construction of other buildings in Nushijan (castle, central and old western temple). Module and proportions are substantially important in architecture, however: the studies of them do not meet one’s expectations in Iranian architecture. This issue is more noteworthy in Iran’s historical architecture. Median era is one of the most significantly important periods in Iran that caused new architectural designs and techniques to flourish. Nevertheless, few surveys have been conducted on the Module and proportions of this era which results in many ambiguities in this case. This paper attempts to discover the median modules and proportions. The well reserved architecture of Nushijan among other Median sites makes it a proper case for this research and it is also a suitable reference for comparing other Median sites. After conducting the field study, measuring the dimensions precisely and studying the excavation reports and evidences, the measurements were studied by AutoCAD and Matlab. Then the result was checked through statistical analysis. The results show a specific relation between the ratios of the length and the width of different structures. For instance the ratio of Nushijan length and width are similar to the ratio of Tell-Quba which is 5.02 on average. In addition, it seems that the median architecture followed a certain module of 20 cm which is observed in the construction of other buildings in Nushijan (castle, central and old western temple). Module and proportions are substantially important in architecture, however: the studies of them do not meet one’s expectations in Iranian architecture. This issue is more noteworthy in Iran’s historical architecture. Median era is one of the most significantly important periods in Iran that caused new architectural designs and techniques to flourish. Nevertheless, few surveys have been conducted on the Module and proportions of this era which results in many ambiguities in this case. This paper attempts to discover the median modules and proportions.