جايگاه مباني در نظريه تفسيري شيخ انصاري

The Position of the Bases in the Qur’anic Hermeneutics of Shaykh Ansari

هرچند شيخ مرتضي انصاري تفسيري كامل از قرآن ندارد، در آثار متعدد فقهي و اصولي خود، مفسرانه به تبيين آيات پرداخته است. تحليل مباني وي به عنوان يكي از نمايندگان نظريه تفسير اجتهادي ـ فقهي اماميه در دوره معاصر و نماياندن نقش علمي و سهم تاريخي وي در جريان تفسير شيعه، از اهميت و ضرورت برخوردار است. در اين پژوهه، مباني شيخ انصاري در تفسير آيات الاحكام با روش اكتشافي ـ تحليلي از ميان بيش از بيست اثر وي، بازيابي، طبقه بندي و ارزيابي شده است. نتايج تحقيق نشان مي دهد كه شيخ داراي مباني خاص ادبي و كلامي در تحليل آيات بوده و مي توان وي را داراي نظريه تفسيري اجتهادي در تفسير دانست كه از تقليد نظريه هاي رايج روزگار خويش رهيده و به نقد و نوآوري در مبادي و مباني تفسير پرداخته است.

Although Shaykh Ansari did not have a complete exegesis of the noble Quran but he has determined the verses of the noble Quran in his different works on the Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and principles of jurisprudence (usul al-fiqh) as an exegete. It is necessary and important to analyze his bases as one of the representatives of the theory of the Quran jurisprudential-ijtehadi exegesis of Imamiyyah (Arabic: إمامية ) in contemporary period and to show his scientific role and his historic share in the current of Shia exegesis. This research has evaluated the Shaykh Ansari’s bases in the exegesis of ayāt al-aḥkām (verses of the rules) with the heuristic- analytic method. Out comings indicate that Shaykh has had particular literary and theological bases in analyzing the Quran verses and it is possible to be thought that he has had an especial hermeneutics in the Quran exegesis that he has been released from following the current theories of his time and he has made criticism and innovation in the bases and principles of the Quran exegesis.