تاثير نگارگري ايراني بر عناصر بصري حمزه نامه با تاكيد بر مكتب تبريز 2

Iranian Painting Impact on the Formation of Hamzanama with an Emphasis on School Tabriz

ايران، ازجمله ملل و نژادي است كه طي قرون متمادي با هند در ارتباط بوده و در هنر و فرهنگ آنها نفوذ كرده است. يكي از دوره هاي طلايي هنر و فرهنگ ايران، در اوايل دوران صفويه در تبريز بود؛ زماني كه شاه طهماسب از هنر روي برگردانيد، برخي از هنرمندان به دعوت همايون پادشاه گوركاني به هند رفتند و هسته اصلي مكتب نگارگري مغولي هند را بنيان گذاشتند. بدين ترتيب، مهم ترين اثر اين مكتب، حمزه نامه، تحت تاثير شديد نگارگري ايراني و تحت نظارت نگارگران ايراني خلق شد. بر اين اساس، پژوهش حاضر به اين پرسش ها پاسخ مي دهد كه چه عناصري از مكتب نگارگري تبريز 2 در تصاوير حمزه نامه مشاهده شدند؟ و تاثيرات ديگر مكاتب نگارگري ايراني بر تصاوير حمزه نامه چيست؟ با هدف دسته بندي برخي از اين عناصر تصويري، روش تحقيق توصيفي- تطبيقي است و نتايج نشان مي دهد عناصر تصويري نگاره هاي حمزه نامه تشابهات بسياري با نگاره هاي مكتب تبريز 2 دارد؛ زيرا بسياري از عناصر گياهي، تلفيقي، جانوري و سماوي در حمزه نامه با شباهت فراواني با همين عناصر در مكتب نگارگري تبريز 2 ترسيم شده اند. علاوه بر آن، تاثيرات ديگر مكاتب نگارگري ايراني نيز بر نگاره هاي حمزه نامه مشاهده مي شود.

Among the different people and races which were in contact with India and had influence in their lives and culture، the oldest and most lasting of them are Iranians. The turning point massive entry of Iranian culture elements to India was by enthronement Babur's son Humayun's and Subsequently his refuge to the court of Shah Tahmasp. The presence of Homayoun Shah in Iran in court of Shah Tahmasp coincides has been with one of the golden periods of art and culture of Iran in the early Safavid period in Tabriz and When Shah Tahmasp turned away from art and supporting it، some of the artists were invited by king Humayun of Gurkani dynasty to go to India and found the core of the school of miniature in that country and that is how the most important result of this school (Hamzanama) under the extreme influence of Iranian miniature and artists was created. indian earliest works in this field are generally drawn from the works of Iranian Safavid era. One reason for this Take advantage and influence Iranian miniature art in India،was traction and attraction that Indian Emperor (Humayun) during the a visit to Iran felt than Persian Painting. Mural painting and miniatures that in the Safavid era in Iran had reached perfection by disciples of Kamal-ud-Din Behzad was taken in the land of India. The presence of this artists in workshops، book illustration Mughal Empire، was Caused transfer and expansion many of Tabriz miniature the aesthetic achievement in The fledgling school of Gvrkany miniature and especially the images of great book Hamzanama. Hamzanama version is، the first collective workings in the art workshop Akbar Shah has that lasted its completion 15 years. The attraction of this collection that Backgrounds preparing it can be traced to the palace murals the Mongols in the cable and the increasingly enthusiasm them to Portrait painting and Rvayatngary; be summarized In large format، Zoomed image elements، The Being text in the image and Finally، its application in the tradition of minstrelsy. Accordingly، this research with the goal of categorizing some of these elements emphasizes on the old connection between these two lands. And simultaneously answers the question that which elements of the second school of Tabriz had direct influence on Hamzenama and also what were the influences of the other Iranian negargary schools in Hamzenama. This research has a history research purpose which was done by descriptive analysis system and comparative and the data was collected in libraries. Results showed that visual elements Hamzanama image has many similarities with the paintings of Tabriz School 2، why that most of Herbal، combined، animals and celestial elements in hamzanama with many similarities with the elements in the painting school of Tabriz 2 have been draws. Besides that Other effects of painting schools of Iran، especially in Herat Painting School، the School of Shiraz during the Injuids and Tabriz school in the late eighth century be seen on a Hamzanama paintings.