ارزيابي فني وزيست محيطي فناوري هاي حرارتي استحصال انرژي از مواد زائد جامد شهري

Technical and environmental evaluation of thermal technologies to energy recovery from municipal solid waste

ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﮑﻞ اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل اﻧﺮژي از زﺑﺎﻟﻪ، ﺳﻮزاﻧﺪن زﺑﺎﻟﻪ و ﻣﻬﺎر اﻧﺮژي ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از آن اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ، در ﻋﯿﻦ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ زﺑﺎﻟﻪ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ اﻧﺮژي را ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه دارد. از ﻣﺰاﯾﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ آن، ﮔﻨﺪزداﯾﯽ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن زﺑﺎﻟﻪ، ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﺑﻮدي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ارﮔﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺻﻮرت دﻓﻊ زﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮوز ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﺷﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، روش ﻫﺎي ﺣﺮارﺗﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﻧﺮژي از زﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺷﻬﺮي ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺤﻮه ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اي و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ (AHP) ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻨﺎوري ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﻧﺮژي از زﺑﺎﻟﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﻓﻨﯽ و زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻣﺘﯿﺎزﻫﺎي 0/533 و 0/467 در رﺗﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي اول و دوم ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ روﺷﻬﺎي ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎ، ﮔﺎزﯾﻔﯿﮑﺎﺳﯿﻮن، زﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻮز و ﭘﯿﺮوﻟﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ اﻣﺘﯿﺎزات 0/296، 0/254، 0/253 و 0/197 ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ روش ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﻧﺮژي از ﻣﻮاد زاﺋﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.

The most common form of energy recovery from waste, waste incineration and thermal energy harnessed from it. This practice, while reducing the volume of waste, use of alternative sources of energy as well. Other advantages of the disinfection of the waste stream, with the complete destruction of organisms that can cause disease if land disposal. In this study, thermal methods of producing energy from municipal solid waste is evaluated. How data collection was conducted through questionnaires and survey sources. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to select the best technology to produce energy from waste. The results showed that the technical and environmental criteria with scores 0/533 and 0/467 are ranked first and second. The plasma, gasification, incineration and pyrolysis methods, respectively, with scores 0/296, 0/254, 0/253 and 0/197 as the best way to produce energy from waste were identified.