بررسي اصول طراحي معماري مسكوني با تاكيد بر پدافند غيرعامل

Exploring the principles of residential design with emphasis on non-operating architectures

ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺟﻨﮓ ﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ در ﻗﺮن ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻢ و ﺑﯿﺴﺖ و ﯾﮑﻢ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺴﻠﯿﺤﺎت و تجهيزات نظامي،مناطق مسكوني شهري بيشتر در معرض خطر تهاجم طرف هاي جنگ قرار گرفته و بيشترين تلفات انساني به جاي نيروهاي نظامي درگير در جبهه هاي اصلي نبرد،در بين مردم عمومي ساكن در مراكز شهري با بار جمعيتي بالا ثبت گردﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ اﻏﻠﺐ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﺪون ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺻﻮل ﭘﺪاﻓﻨﺪ ﻏﯿﺮﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ؛ ﺷﺎﯾﺎن ذﮐﺮ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﭘﺪاﻓﻨﺪ ﻏﯿﺮﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻣﺮي ﻧﺎﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ؛ اﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿ ع ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ و ﻋﺪم ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي اﯾﻦ اﺻﻮل در ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري در ﮐﺸﻮر ﻧﯿﺴﺖ، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﺻﻮل ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزي ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ روﯾﮑﺮد ﭘﺪاﻓﻨﺪ ﻏﯿﺮﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮاي وﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﭼﺎره اي اﻧﺪﯾﺸﯿﺪه ﺷﻮد؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺪاﻓﻨﺪ ﻏﯿﺮﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺧﺎص ﮐﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ؛ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﺰوﻫﺶ از روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ– ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺟﺪول ارﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

By examining the recent wars in the 20th and 21st centuries, with the progress made on the level of weapons and military equipment, urban areas are more at risk of invasion by the warlords, and the most human casualties, instead of the military forces involved in the main battlefields, Among the general population residing in urban centers with a high population density is recorded. Unfortunately, most residential buildings in the country are designed and planned regardless of the principles of passive defense; it is worth noting that demolition of buildings to rebuild them with a passive defense approach is not feasible, but this does not mean stopping or applying these principles in architectural design in the country. , But it is necessary to think through the extraction of the principles of architecture and urbanization consistent with the passive defense approach for the present state of affairs. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to extract the principles of architectural design taking into account non-perennial defense in accordance with the country's specific needs and circumstances; in this case, the descriptive-analytical research method has been used and the results indicate that the table is presented.