زيد بن علي رهبر كاريزماتيك زيديان

Zayd bin Ali, Zaidiyyah charismatic leader

زيديه در سال 122 پس از شهادت زيد بن علي بن حسين و شكست قيام او شكل گرفت. زيديان با تاكيد بر جايگاه و شخصيت علمي و مذهبي زيد، عقايد و ديدگاهش درباره شروط امامت را ترويج و نفوذ كاريزمايي او را در جامعه تقويت كردند. مسئله اصلي پژوهش اين است كه شخصيت زيد چگونه بر بقاء اين فرقه و انتقال جانشيني كاريزمايي تاثير گذاشته است. از اين رو افزون بر ويژگي هاي شخصيتي زيد بن علي، بحران يا شرايط اجتماعي و سياسي جامعه اسلامي كه زمينه ساز ظهور رهبري كاريزماتيك در جامعه شده بود، بر مبناي چارچوب جامعه شناختي اقتدار (سيادت) كاريزماتيك ماكس وبر بررسي و تبيين شده است. يافته هاي پژوهش حاكي از آن است كه زيد با گفتمان جديد براي حل بحران سياسي و اجتماعي شيعيان وارد صحنه سياست شد و به عنوان رهبر كاريزماتيك زيديان در شكل گيري و بقاي فرقه زيديه نقش مهمي ايفا كرد.

Zaidiyya was formed in 122AH after the martyrdom of Zaid ibn Ali ibn Hussein and the defeat of his uprising. Zaidiyya, by emphasizing Zayd's character and scientific and religious status, promoted his ideas and views on the conditions of Imamat and enhanced the influence of his charisma in society. The main issue of this research is that how the character of Zaid's charisma has influenced the survive of this sect and the transmission of a charismatic succession? In this research in addition to examining Zayed ibn Ali's character and charisma was explained the crisis of social and political conditions of the Islamic society that led to the emergence of charismatic leadership in society based on the sociological framework of the charismatic authority of Max Weber. The findings of this research indicate that Zayd entered the political scene by the charismatic personality traits and new discourse to solve the political and social crisis of Shiites, an‎d Played an important role in the field of politics and theology as the charismatic leader of Zaidian in formation and survival of the Zaidi sect.