اثر بخشي درمان مبتني بر پذيرش و تعهد بر كفيت زندگي مادران كودكان مبتلا به اتيسم

Effectiveness of Therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment in the Quality of the Lives of Mothers with Autistic Children

اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ درﻣﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش و ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺮ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺎدران داراي ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﺗﯿﺴﻢ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان در ﺳﺎل 1395 ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. روش اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﻃﺮح ﭘﯿﺶ آزﻣﻮن-ﭘﺲ آزﻣﻮن ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺎدران داراي ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﺗﯿﺴﻢ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ درﻣﺎﻧﯽ اﻧﺴﺘﯿﺘﻮ روان ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻮد. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آﻣﺎري اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ 30 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي در دﺳﺘﺮس، ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ (15 ﻧﻔﺮ) و ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل (15 ﻧﻔﺮ) ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 8 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ 90 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ اي آﻣﻮزش ﭘﺬﯾﺮش و ﺗﻌﻬﺪ دﯾﺪﻧﺪ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻧﯿﺰ در ﻟﯿﺴﺖ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻧﺪ. ﺟﻤﻊآوري دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار spss20 در دو ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ (آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻮوارﯾﺎﻧﺲ) اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد درﻣﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش و ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺎدران داراي ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﺗﯿﺴﻢ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ درﻣﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش و ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻮلفه هاي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ (ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺟﺴﻤﺎﻧﯽ، ﺳﻼﻣﺖ رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، رواﺑﻂ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ) در ﻣﺎدران داراي ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﺗﯿﺴﻢ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ درﻣﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش و ﺗﻌﻬﺪ در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺎدران ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ اﺗﯿﺴﻢ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ.

The present research was aimed to examine the effectiveness of therapy based on acceptance and commitment in the quality of the lives of mothers with autistic children in Tehran (2016). Research method was semiexperimental with a pre-test post-test design and with a control group. The statistical population consisted of mothers with autistic children, visiting a psychological therapy institute in Tehran. The statistical sample of this research consisted of 30 individuals who were selected using a convenience sampling method; and they were randomly divided into two groups: 1) experiment group (15 individual) and 2) control group (15 individuals). The experiment group received 8 sessions (each session=90 minutes) of training for commitment and acceptance. an‎d the control group remained on a wait list. Data collection was done based on a life quality questionnaire devised by WHO (World Health Organization). Analysis of the data obtained from implementing the questionnaire was conducted through SPSS20 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (covariance analysis test). Findings showed that therapy based on acceptance and commitment helps increase life quality in mothers with autistic children. In addition, therapy based on acceptance and commitment helps increase the components of life quality (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and social environment) in treating mothers with autistic children. Therefore, it can be said that therapy based on acceptance and commitment is effective in increasing life quality of mothers with autistic children.