اثر عصاره اتانولي ريشه كاسني و آنتي‌بيوتيك محرك رشد بر صفات عملكرد رشد، فراسنجه هاي خوني، پاسخ ايمني هومورال و جمعيت باكتري‌هاي سكوم جوجه‌هاي گوشتي

Comparison effect of ethanoic extract of chicory root with antibiotic growth promoter on blood parameters, humoral Immune response and colony

زمينه مطالعاتي: جايگزيني تركيبات شيميايي مصرفي در جيره غذايي دام و طيور با گياهان دارويي و ميزان اثربخشي آن­ها مطالعه ­ايي صورت گرفته است. هدف: به منظور مقايسه اثرات عصاره كاسني با آنتي­ بيوتيك محرك رشد بر فراسنجه ­هاي بيوشيميايي خون و پاسخ ايمني هومورال و جمعيت باكتريايي سكوم آزمايشي روي جوجه­ هاي گوشتي انجام پذيرفت. روش كار: تعداد 192 قطعه جوجه گوشتي يك­روزه مخلوط نر و ماده از سويه راس 308 در قالب طرح كاملاً تصادفي به مدت 42 روز در 4 تيمار، 4 تكرار و 12 قطعه جوجه در هر تكرار بعد از توزين اوليه به صورت تصادفي در پن­ها توزيع شدند. 4 تيمار غذايي در اين مطالعه شامل: تيمار اول به عنوان گروه شاهد كه از جيره پايه بهره گرفته است و تيمار دوم از جيره پايه به همراه آنتي بيوتيك فلاوومايسين به ميزان 0/045 درصد و تيمارهاي 3 و 4 به­ترتيب از جيره پايه همراه با 0/05درصد و 0/1 درصد عصاره ريشه كاسني بهره گرفته ­اند و از روز اول جيره هاي غذايي در اختيار جوجه­ ها قرار گرفته ­اند. نتايج: بررسي­ها نشان داد كه بيشترين افزايش وزن و كمترين ضريب تبديل غذايي به طور معني­داري در گروه دريافت كننده آنتي بيوتيك محرك رشد بوده و بيشترين مقدار خوراك مصرفي ميزان در گروه شاهد و كمترين ميزان آن در گروه 0/1 درصد عصاره ريشه كاسني بوده كه داراي اختلاف معني‌دار بود (0/05>P). در تيتر ايمني عليه نيوكاسل و آنفلوانزا اثر تيمارها معني­دار نبوده و در بررسي فراسنجه­ هاي خوني افزايش معني­دار پروتئين تام در تيمارهاي حاوي عصاره كاسني نسبت به آنتي ­بيوتيك محرك رشد مشاهده شد (0/05>P). جمعيت باكتري­هاي كلي­فرم، سالمونلا و اشريشياكولي در جوجه­ هاي مصرف­ كننده عصاره كاسني در مقايسه با ساير تيمارها كاهش معني­داري داشت (0/05>P). نتيجه ­گيري نهايي: نتايج اين بررسي نشان مي ­دهد كه عصاره كاسني به ميزان 0/1 درصد در جيره غذايي در بهبود صفات عملكردي بعد از آنتي­ بيوتيك قرار گرفته و در بهبود خصوصيات بيوشيميايي سرم خون و كاهش جمعيت باكتريايي روده ­ايي به ­طور معني­داري بهتر از آنتي­ بيوتيك محرك رشد عمل كرده است.

Introduction : In order to stimulate growth, eliminate nutri ent deficiencies, strengthen immune responses and prevent diseases, several additives are being added into the poultry feeds (Rakhshan et al. 1389). Initially, the first materials that were considered as food additives were antibiotics and anti - bacterial a gents (Hedayati et al. 2015). Since 2006, the EU and later US have prohibited the use of all antibiotics as a growth promoter in livestock industry (Hashemi et al., 2009). Addition of medicinal herbs is aimed for replacing with the chemical compounds avail able in poultry diets. The minimum benefit of medicinal plants compared to chemical drugs is that if they do not role a positive effect, they have much - more limited side effects. Chicory plant ( Cichorium intybus L.) and the English name Succory is a plant of the Asteraceae family, which are available in different parts of Iran. In order to evaluate the effects of Chicory root extract with growth promoter antibiotic , a n experiment was conducted on blood biochemical parameters, immune titers and Cecum bacteri al population . Material and methods: 192 Ross 308 mixed sex day - old chicks were used in a completely randomized design manner for 42 days , which were distributed after initial weighing . Experimental design of current trial was consisted of 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 12 chicks per each replicate. Treatments were 1) control, 2) Flavomycin antibiotic growth promoter (0.045%), 3 and 4) Chicory root extract in 0.5 and 0.1%, respectively. Extract of chicory root was prepared by the maceration method at Malay er University central laboratory. At first, the required amount of dried chicory root was prepared and the woods and groves were removed and then thoroughly grinded with a miller. The required amount of powder was then weighed and injected into the Laborat ory Becher. For every 100 grams of powder, 700 ml of 96% ethanol and 300 ml of distilled water were added to Bechers and thoroughly blended for 2 minutes, then an aluminum foil was applied on it and 48 hours later using Whattman filter paper (W - 42, UK) was flattened. Then, the ethanol was isolated and the pure extract was obtained and kept until it was used in the refrigerator. In order to study the performance, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were measured and recorded on a wee kly basis. Also, at the end of trial, from each experimental unit, two birds were selected and 3 ml of blood samples were collected for assessing immunity and biochemical parameters of blood serum. Biochemical parameters including triglyceride, cholesterol , high - density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), were checked and sent to a biochemical laboratory using a centrifuge at 3000 rpm, for 10 minutes, the serum was isolated from the specimen and measured using an auto - analyzer (Technicon RA - 1000, USA). Collected data were analyzed and statistical analysis was performed in a completely randomized design with SAS version 9.1 and GLM procedure. Mean comparison was performed using Duncan's multiple range test at the probability level of P <0.05. Results and discussion: It is found that the maximum body weight and minimum FCR was significantly (P<0.05) found in antibiotic fed group and the least feed consumption was significantly (P<0.05) seen in 0.1% Chicory root extract. It seems that the applic ation of antibiotic growth promoter compared to other groups has had a better effect on weekly and final body weight. Among the food additives evaluated, prebiotics derived from medicinal plants are the most suitable food supplements, as they can eliminate the competitive microbial pathogens and replace the beneficial bacteria in the intestine. From the known peribiotics, inulin and oligofructose available in chicory can be found widely used in the poultry industry. In plants such as chicory, there is an ur onic acid, a kind of non - polysaccharide polysaccharide and blocks the structure of a pektin, a soluble non - starch polysaccharide in the gastrointestinal tract. Reduces the viscosity of digestive substances, increases water absorption, reduces water intake and increases feed intake, as well as insoluble insecticides of chicory polysaccharides increase the rate of digestive flow in birds, which subsequently increases feed intake. The immune titers against Newcastle and Avian influenza diseases were not signif icantly altered. The total protein was significantly (P<0.05) increased in Chicory root extract treatments compared to growth promoter antibiotic group. The bacterial population of Coliforms, Salmonella and E. coli in broilers fed Chicory root extracts wer e significantly (P<0.05) reduced than other dietary treatments. Oligosaccharides in medicinal plants have a positive effect on preventing the growth of bacteria that lead to infection. Oligosaccharides act as soluble fibers, leading to a reduction in the d isplacement of gastrointestinal tract and reduce the spread of infectious agents. Plants rich in flavonoids and terpene compounds enhance the immune system and produce antibodies by increasing the activity of vitamin C and their antibacterial activity. Con clusion: It can be concluded that Chicory root extract at 0.1% dosage when compared with growth promoter antibiotic fed group could improve the blood biochemical parameters and reduce the bacterial population of feces.