بررسي رابطه بين ويژگي هاي شخصيتي و سبك هاي مقابله اي با سلامت روان معلمان

Investigate the relationship between personality characteristics and coping styles teachers and mental health

ﻫﻤﻮاره از ﺳﻮي ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﮐﻮﺷﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﯿﺎري ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ رواﻧﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﮐﺎﺳﺘﻦ از آﺳﯿﺐ ﻫﺎي رواﻧﯽ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﻣﺮوزي، ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ روي ﺳﻼﻣﺖ رواﻧﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺬارد. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯿﻬﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ و ﺳﺒﮑﻬﺎي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ اي ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﮑﺎب در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 94- 1393 اﺳﺖ. ازﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ (766 ﻧﻔﺮﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺗﮑﺎب)، ﺗﻌﺪاد 255 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، روش ﻋﻠﯽ-ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ اي ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ ازﺟﻤﻊ آوري داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري، رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ و آزﻣﻮن ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ و ﺳﺒﮏ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ اي ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮددارد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ و ﺳﺒﮏ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ اي ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 35/9 و 28/6 درﺻﺪ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺳﻼﻣﺖ رواﻧﯽ را ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن T ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ ﺳﺒﮏ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ اي و ﺳﻼﻣﺖ رواﻧﯽ زﻧﺎن و ﻣﺮدان در ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي رواﻧﮋﻧﺪي، ﺑﺮوﻧﮕﺮاﯾﯽ- دروﻧﮕﺮاﯾﯽ، اﺷﺘﯿﺎق ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺎرب ﺗﺎزه ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي و ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي و ﺳﺒﮏ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻣﺪار، ﻫﯿﺠﺎن ﻣﺪار و اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻣﺪار ﺗﻔﺎوت وﺟﻮد دارد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان نتيجه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ و ﺳﺒﮏ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ اي ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان آﻧﺎن را ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ.

The researchers have been many attempts to explain mental health. The most important ways to control and reduce the trauma in modern society, finding variables that can impact on mental health. Target of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits styles deal with mental of teachers in the school year 94- 1393. From the population studied TAKAB city groups, (766 teachers of city TAKAB), 255 teachers were selected through random sampling. The research method used in this study, causal-comparative method. After data collection, using statistical methods of Rgarsion and Pearson test, conducted statistical analysis. Results of the study showed that between personality characteristics and coping styles with health mental teachers there is a significant positive correlation. Rgarsion analysis showed that personality characteristics and coping styles were 9/35 and 6/28 percent predict mental health changes. Also independent T-test results indicated those personality traits, coping styles and mental health of women and men in the components of neurosis, Extraversionintroversion, desire for new experiences, agreeableness and conscientiousness and styles of problem-oriented, emotion-oriented and avoidance. Researchers concluded different personality traits and styles coping teachers can predict their mental health.