بررسي رابطه انگيزه هاي مصرف سيگار و قليان با افسردگي، كيفيت روابط و حمايت اجتماعي دانشجويان

Examination of the Relationship between Motives of Smoking and Using Shisha, Depression, Quality of Relationships, and Social Support in Students

هدف پژوهش حاضر، تعيين رابطه افسردگي، كيفيت روابط و حمايت اجتماعي با انگيزه هاي مصرف سيگار و قليان دانشجويان ﺑﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪف، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و ﺷﯿﻮه اﺟﺮا ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻤﺎم داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ در ﺳﺎل 1395-1394 ﺑﻮد. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ را 300 ﻧﻔﺮ از داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ ﮐﺮج (ﺧﻮارزﻣﯽ، آزاد و ﺗﻬﺮان) در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 1395-1394 ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي از ﺟﺎمعه مورد نظر انتخاب گرديد. جهت گردآوري اطلاعات از پرسشنامه انگيزه هاي مصرف كوپر (DMQ-R) (1998)، پرسشنامه افسردگي بك (BDI) (1961)، پرسشنامه كيفيت روابط پيرس و همكاران (QRI) (1991)، و پرسشنامه حمايت اجتماعي واﮐﺲ (SSI) (1986) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻫﺎي (اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ، ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ اي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ) ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﯿﮕﺎر و ﻗﻠﯿﺎن راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري داﺷﺖ و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻫﺎي (اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ، ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ اي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ) ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﯿﮕﺎر ﻗﻠﯿﺎن داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺑﻮد. از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ رواﺑﻂ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻫﺎي (اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ، ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ اي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ) ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﯿﮕﺎر و ﻗﻠﯿﺎن راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري داﺷﺖ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ رواﺑﻂ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻫﺎي (اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ، ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ اي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ) ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﯿﮕﺎر و ﻗﻠﯿﺎن داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺑﻮد. از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و دوﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻫﺎي (اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ، ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ اي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ) ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﯿﮕﺎر و ﻗﻠﯿﺎن راﺑﻄ منفي و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري داﺷﺖ و از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و دوﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻫﺎي اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ اﻧﮕﯿﺰه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ اي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻮد.

The present study was aimed to examine the relationship between depression, quality of relationships, and social support with motives of smoking and using shisha. This research was practical in terms of objective; and in terms of data collection method, it was correlational-descriptive. The statistical population consisted of all BA students (2015-2016). Statistical sample consisted of 300 students from Karaj (Kharazmi, Azad, and Tehran) (2015-2016), who were selected using a cluster sampling method. In order to collect data, the following questionnaires were used: Cooper's drug motives questionnaire (DMQ-R) (1998), Beck's depression questionnaire (BDI) (1961), Pears's et al quality of relationships questionnaire (QRI) (1991), and Wax's social support questionnaire (SSI) (1986). Results showed that depression had a positive and significant relationship with motives (incremental, coping, and social) of smoking and using shisha, and that depression was able to predict the motives (incremental, coping, and social) of smoking and using shisha for students. From the components of relationship quality, only social support had a negative and significant relationship with motives (incremental, coping, and social) of smoking and using shisha. In addition, results showed that from the components of relationship quality, only social support was able to predict motives (incremental, coping, and social) of smoking and using shisha. From the components of social support, only support from family and friends had a negative and significant relationship with motives (incremental, coping, and social) of smoking and using shisha. an‎d from the components of social support, only support from family and friends could predict incremental motives. Furthermore, from the components of social support, only family support was able to predict social and coping motives.