بررسي رويكرد فعال آموزشي در حوزه دانشگاه و نقش آن در افزايش انگيزش و پيشرفت تحصيلي

Evaluating the Active Educational Approach in Universities and its Role in Increasing Educational Motivation and Academic Achievement

اﯾﺠﺎد اﻧﮕﯿﺰش و ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﻫﺪاف آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و دﺧﯿﻞ در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻢ و آﻣﻮزش اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﺌﻮري ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي روﯾﮑﺮدي ﻓﻌﺎل در اﻣﺮ آﻣﻮزش ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮان، ﺳﻌﯽ در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻬﺎرت ﻫﺎي ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﻧﮕﯿﺰش و ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮان دارﻧﺪ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻓﻌﺎل آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ در ﺣﻮزه داﻧﺸﮕﺎه و ﻧﻘﺶ آن در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﻧﮕﯿﺰش ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ و ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر و ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ و ﻓﯿﺶ ﺑﺮداري از ﺑﺮوز ﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ كه از ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ و داﺧﻠﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ در دﺳﺘﺮس ﮐﻪ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻪ ﺳﺎزي داﺧﻠﯽ و ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ مرﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، 9 ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ داﺧﻠﯽ و ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺎن و ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ و ﺑﺮوز در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﻓﻌﺎل و اﺻﻮل ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ از آن ﮐﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ آﻣﻮزش اﺳﺖ، ﻧﻘﺸﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﻧﮕﯿﺰش و ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎن دارد.

Motivation and academic achievement are among the most important educational goals of any educational system which affect the educational process. Using an active approach to learning, the new educational theories try to increase the learning skills and the motivation and academic achievement of learners. Therefore, this research has been conducted with the aim of evaluating the active educational approach in universities and its role in increasing the learners' motivation and academic achievement. To achieve this and to collect the required data, we used the library method by taking notes from the most up-to-date and reliable sources related to the research topic. Out of all of the studies conducted in the country as well as those performed in foreign countries in relation to the research topic, 9 studies were selected, described and compared. Reviewing and analyzing the valid and up-to-date resources relevant to this topic showed that active learning and its related and derived principles which are based on learners' participation in the educational process play an important role in increasing the motivation and academic achievement of learners.