رابطه بين عاطفه مثبت و منفي با خودكارآمدي در كودكان داراي اختلال شنوايي شهر تهران

The Relationship between Positive and Negative Affection with Self- Efficacy in Children with Impaired Hearing in Tehran

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي درﮐﻮدﮐﺎن داراي اﺧﺘﻼل ﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و از ﻧﻮع ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ي آﻣﺎري اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺘﺸﮑﻞ از ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ي داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮزان اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﻣﺪارس اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺋﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد آن ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 10 ﻫﺰار ﻧﻔﺮ اﺳﺖ. روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺟﺪول ﻣﻮرﮔﺎن و روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي ﺗﻌﺪاد 384 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. روش ﺟﻤﻊ آوري داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﻣﻮرزوك و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران (1998) و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي اوﻟﻨﺪﯾﮏ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران (1984 ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ از ﺻﻔﺮزاده، 1385) اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي درﮐﻮدﮐﺎن داراي اﺧﺘﻼل ﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي در ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن داراي اﺧﺘﻼل ﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ وﺟﻮد دارد و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ دوم ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي در ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن داري اﺧﺘﻼل ﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ وﺟﻮد دارد.

The aim of this study is the investigation of the relationship between positive and negative affection with selfefficacy in children with impaired hearing in Tehran. The method which is used in this study in terms of its functional goal with respect to data-collection is descriptive and correlational. The population of this research included all the elementary students of exceptional schools with the approximate number to 10 thousand in Tehran. The sampling method which is used in the present study is multi-stage cluster sampling. In the present study with using the multi-stage random cluster sampling and the Morgan table we considered 384 students as the sample size of the population. Method of data collection is based on the positive and negative affection questionnaire of Marzuk and et al 1998 and Evelendik and et al self- efficacy questionnaire {Safarzadeh 2006}. The results showed that there is a meaningful and significant relationship between positive and negative affection and self-efficacy in children with impaired hearing. It was also found that there is a relationship between the positive affection and self-efficacy in children with hearing impairment and also found that based on the second hypothesis there is a relationship between negative affection and self-efficacy in children with impaired hearing.