تأثير اسانس تركيبي پوسته بادام هندي و دانه كرچك بر عملكرد، فراسنجه‌هاي خوني و كيفيت تخم‌مرغ

Effect of mixture essential oil of cashew nut shell and castor on performance, blood parameters and egg quality

زمينه مطالعاتي: اسانس پوسته بادام هندي و دانه گرچك به علت داشتن اثرات آنتي اكسيداني و ضد ميكروبي مي­ تواند در تغذيه مرغ مفيد باشد. هدف: اين آزمايش به منظور بررسي تأثير اسانس تركيبي پوسته بادام هندي و دانه گرچك بر عملكرد، كيفيت تخم مرغ و برخي پارامترهاي خوني و زرده تخم‌مرغ در مرغ­ هاي تخم­ گذار تجاري انجام شد. روش كار: براي انجام آزمايش تعداد 128 قطعه مرغ تخم ­گذار سويه لوهمن لايت (LSL) در سن 58 هفتگي در قالب طرح كاملاً تصادفي در بين 4 تيمار با 4 تكرار و 8 پرنده در هر قفس توزيع شد. پرندگان جيره­هاي آزمايشي زير را به مدت 5 هفته دريافت كردند: 1-جيره پايه بر اساس ذرت و سويا ( شاهد) 2- جيره شاهد همراه با 0/75 گرم در كيلوگرم اسانس تركيبي دانه گرچك و پوسته بادام هندي 3- جيره شاهد همراه با 1/5 گرم در كيلوگرم اسانس تركيبي دانه گرچك و پوسته بادام هندي 4- جيره شاهد بعلاوه 2/25 گرم در كيلوگرم اسانس تركيبي دانه گرچك و پوسته بادام هندي بودند. صفات مربوط به عملكرد و خصوصيات كيفي تخم مرغ­ها در سن 61 و 63 هفتگي و ميزان متابوليت‌هاي خوني و زرده تخم‌مرغ در پايان دوره اندازه گيري شدند. نتايج: نتايج آزمايش نشان داد كه افزودن اسانس گياهي اثرات معني­داري بر درصد توليد تخم مرغ، وزن تخم مرغ، وزن توده تخم­ مرغ و ضريب تبديل غذايي نداشت. صفات كيفي تخم‌مرغ شامل شاخص قالب تخم مرغ، وزن و ضخامت پوسته تخم مرغ، ارتفاع سفيده و واحد ها و بطور معني­داري تحت تأثير تيمارهاي آزمايشي قرار نگرفتند. افزودن سطوح مختلف اسانس موجب كاهش سطح كلسترول سرم خون در مرغ ­هاي تخم­ گذار شد (0/05

Introduction: Todays , use of antibiotics as growth - promoting in poultry production has been restricted in some countries because of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic residue problem. Therefore, tendency to search alternative components for antibiotics such as natural phytogenic additives was increasing. Spices and essential oils and extracts derived from herbs are receiving much attention as feed additive in poultry nutrition over the past decad e (Steiner et al, 2010). Commercial feed additive as named Essential is a mixture of herbal essential oil derived from castor oil ( Ricinus Communis ) and cashew nut shell liquid. Ricin oleic acid is the main and active molecule in the castor oil and has bee n shown to hav e anti - inflammatory (Vieira et al, 2001) and antimicrobial actions (Novak et al, 1961). The shell of the cashew nut ( Anacardium occidentale L .) is known as “cashew nut shell liquid” and constitutes nearly 25% of the total weight of the nut. This oil is mainly composed of anacardic acid (3 - n - pentadecylsalicylic acid), cardanol (3 - n - pentadecylphenol), cardol (5 - npentadecylresorcinol), and methylcardol (2 - methyl - 5 - npentadecylresorcinol) ( Orwa et al, 2009 ). Murakami et al., (2014) showed that the addition of essential oil derived from castor oil ( Ricinus Communis ) and cashew nut shell liquid in broiler diet at the level of 1.5 and 2 gr/kg was effective in improvement of body weight gain and feed conversion rate compared to the control diet. The cas hew coat and castor grain has antioxidant and antimicrobial effects and it can be useful in hens’ nutrition. This experiment was conducted to study the effect of a mixture of essential oil of castor and cashew nut shell on performance, egg quality, and blo od and egg yolk parameters in commercial laying hen. Material and method s : One hundred and twenty eight 58 - wk - old LSL laying hens were allotted into 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment has 4 replicate pens with 8 birds p er pen. Birds were fed the following experimental diets for 5 weeks: 1) control diet (C); 2) C plus 0.75 g/kg an essential oil mixture of castor and cashew nut shell (EOM); 3) C plus 1.5 g/kg EOM; and 4) C plus 2.25 g/kg EOM. The performance of hens and eg g quality characteristics were determined at 61 and 63 wk of age. For egg quality measurement, 12 eggs from each treatment were used after being weighed, Egg width and length and shell thickness was assessed by Using a Vernier caliper. HU and albumen heigh t for each egg was measured with Egg Multi Tester (EMT - 5200) using the following equation ( Haugh, 1937 ): Haugh unit = 100 log (height of the albumen - 1.7egg weight 0.37 + 7.6). Shell thickness of broken eggs was calculated as the mean of 3 measurements taken at the broad end, middle, and narrow end. The yolks of the four eggs were mixed together and frozen at - 20 ◦ C until measurement of their parameters including cholesterol and t riglyceride. At the end of experimental period, two birds were randomly selected from each replicate and were bled from the brachial vein by the tube contain EDTA. Blood samples were centrifuged (1500 rpm, 15 min, 24°C) and the plasma was stored at - 20°C. Plasma metabolites including cholesterol, high - density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransfer ase were measured enzymatically with an autoanalyzer (Allison 300). The difference in the means of b lood and egg yolk metabolites were subjected GLM procedure of SAS 9.0 software and the Duncan test. (SAS, 2009). Data of performance and egg quality analyzed using repeated measurement PROC MIXED of SAS adding factor time as a fixed effect and pen was consider ed a random effect . Tukey test was performed to detect differences among treatments at ( P <0.05). Results and discussion: Results indicated that, essential oil supplementation had no significant effect on laying rate, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Similarly, among treatments significant differences were not seen in egg quality traits, including egg shape index, shell thickness, shell weight, albumen height and haugh unit ( P >0.05). Effects of different level of blend essential oil (Cashew nut shell and castor) on egg yolk cholesterol and triglyceride and blood parameters in laying hens at 63 age o f week are presented in Tables 5 and 6. The dietary inclusion of different level of EOM decreased total cholesterol ( P <0.05), but did not affected the level of plasma high - density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. The yolk triglyceride and cholesterol showed no differences between treatments ( P >0.05). It was concluded that addition of essential oil (Ricinus communis and Anacardium occidentale L.) at 0.75 to 2.25 g/kg in the diet of laying h ens has no e ffect s on laying hen performance and egg quality traits in the late phase of production. It was concluded that addition of essential oil (Ricinus communis and Anacardium occidentale L.) at 0.75 to 2.25 g/kg in the diet of laying hens reduce ser um cholesterol concentration and no effect on laying hen performance and egg quality traits in the late phase of production.